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Mammalian and bacterial ribosomes have ribosomal RNAs comprising 7,000 and 5,000 nucleotides, respectively. The RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin and other ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) specifically catalyzes removal of single adenine in the sarcin/ricin loop of the largest (28S or 23S) rRNA. Breakage of this single N-glycosidic bond is entirely responsible for the cytotoxicity. Ricin recognizes...
In the living cells, many kinds of modified nucleosides exist in various RNA species. These modified nucleosides are generated by specific RNA modification enzymes. In almost cases, RNA modification enzyme is composed by one single subunit or homo-subunits. However, recent studies have revealed that eukaryote tRNA (m7G46) methyltransferases are exceptionally constituted by hetero-subunits (Trm8/Trm82...
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