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Unique synergistic effects between phosphonium‐alkylphosphate ionic liquids (ILs) and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) are discovered when used together as lubricant additives, resulting in significant friction and wear reduction along with distinct tribofilm composition and mechanical properties. The synergism is attributed to the remarkably 30–70× higher‐than‐nominal concentrations of hypothetical...
Lubricant anti-wear additives are known to chemically interact with metallic surfaces to form a self-healing, wear-protection tribofilm. Their interactions with non-metallic surfaces are however less understood. Here we report recent findings on whether and how a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and a phosphonium–organophosphate ionic liquid (IL) form tribofilms on three hard coatings, AlMgB14–TiB...
Tribological evaluations were conducted on lubricating base oils of different viscosity grades with and without an anti-wear (AW) additive in lubricating steel-steel and ceramic-steel contacts. Two AW additives were applied: a conventional secondary zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and an oil-miscible phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid (IL). Tests were carried out using reciprocating ball-on-flat...
Austenitic stainless steels are traditionally not good bearing materials due to their tendency to gall when rubbing against other hard alloys. Even worse, they cannot be well-lubricated by hydrocarbon oils. In this study, an alternative carburization process, low-temperature colossal supersaturation (LTCSS), offers a potential solution by demonstrating an improvement of wear-resistance by three orders...
This paper reports a wear reduction by up to six orders of magnitude for Ti–6Al–4V alloy when treated by an oxygen diffusion (OD) process and subsequently tested in a zinc-dialkyl-dithiophosphate (ZDDP)-containing lubricant. In addition to case hardening, it is discovered that OD enables the formation of an anti-wear boundary film on the titanium surface. Transmission electron microscopy and surface...
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