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Recent advances in integrated opto-electronic devices and front end circuits have made it possible to efficiently transmit very high data rates over optical links for HPC/datacenter applications. This paper reviews our current progress towards serial 100-Gb/s optical interconnects, with emphasis on electrical duobinary (EDB) modulation.
Advanced modulation formats can enable >40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long multimode polymer waveguide.
We report record error-free data transmission of 40Gb/s over a 1m-long multimode polymer spiral waveguide. The waveguide imposes no significant transmission impairments in the link despite its highly-multimoded nature and long length, demonstrating its potential in high-speed board-level optical interconnections.
Oxide-relief and Zn-diffusion structures are realized in 850 nm VCSELs. Both record-low energy-to-data-rate ratio (96 fJ/bit at 25 Gbit/sec; 135 fJ/bit at 37 Gbit/sec) and energy-to-data distance ratio 175 fJ/bit.km at 25 Gbit/sec are demonstrated.
A compact CO2 and H2O laser spectroscopy sensor based on cost-efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for safety and air-quality applications is presented. It implements inherent wavelength calibration to achieve self-monitored and calibration-free operation during sensor lifetime.
We demonstrate direct-coupling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers to suspended-core PCFs and present characterization of this gas sensor. The spectral background and power-overlap from 763-2004 nm are measured to determine the quantitative detection sensitivity.
The FM amplitude/phase responses of InP-based VCSELs at 1.5µm, 1.8µm and 2.3µm are presented and compared. The plasma effect is clearly observed although at 2.3µm it is significantly lower. This interesting result is discussed.
The first VCSEL-based O2 sensor for gas/oil furnace applications employing a diffuse reflector is presented which circumvents alignment and interference problems. Optimized data processing is used for long-term stable operation and allows for real-time measurement.
A novel compact sensor approach utilizing the wide current tunability of VCSELs and employing reference gas in the photodetector is tested under diverse standard conditions for fire detection.
Successful application of recently developed GaSb-based single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for gas-sensing at 2.3 mum is reported. CO and CH4 have been detected simultaneously using wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a multi-line curve fit concept.
A tunable photonic microwave filter using slow light in a VCSEL is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. Tunable microwave notch filter at 20 GHz can be achieved by adjusting the bias current of VCSEL.
A novel compact sensor approach utilizing the wide current tunability of VCSELs with reference gas in the photodetector is reported. This inherent spectral self-calibrating technique is demonstrated with the first carbon-monoxide sensor at 2.3 mum.
This paper presents recent progress on InP-based long-wavelength buried tunnel junction-vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (BTJ-VCSELs) with wavelengths significantly beyond the communication range. This spectral region comprises strong absorption lines of several important species such as H2O (1877 nm), CO2 (2004 nm) or CO (2339 nm).
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