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An inline intermodal no core fiber (NCF) sensor based on direct ligand immobilization for detection of nickel ions (Ni2+) is proposed. Covalently immobilized nickel specific ligand, Meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine, on the NCF surface serves as adsorption site for Ni2+ and can induce ambient refractive index (RI) change around the NCF on occurrence of binding events. The change in RI results in...
A novel polarimetric OFDR that can simultaneously measure both space-resolved transverse-stresses and reflections along a > 800–1200 meters optical fiber is reported, where the system can unambiguously distinguish stresses from any reflections with sub-mm-spatial resolution.
We demonstrate combined wavelength- and mode-multiplexed transmission with a spectral efficiency of 58 b/s/Hz over an 87-km single-span multi-mode fiber using 16-QAM modulation format. The hybrid fiber span comprises 10- and 15-mode fibers.
We demonstrate the transmission of 12 spatial and polarization modes multiplexed on 255 optical channels in ultra-dense WDM using OFDM across the full C-band over 74.17 km 6-mode fiber. An aggregate bit rate of 41.6 Tbit/s is achieved.
We present results of the first field trial ever to include a component of MDM. The demonstrated scenarios all confirm the possibility for a partial upgrade of legacy systems to few-mode technology.
By using multiple mode groups in parallel, the capacity of a multimode fiber link can be significantly increased. The technical feasibility is shown by theoretical analysis and an experimental 3×3 20m fiber link at 30Gbit/s.
A tunable modulated broadband source and narrow-bandwidth filter are used to measure chromatic dispersion, group-delay ripple, and pass-band shape of DWDM-network light paths. This new method is simple and suitable for in-service measurements.
The accumulated PMD along several fibres in an optical network was measured in order to identify those short fibre portions exhibiting high PMD. By replacing high-PMD-portion(s) in each fibre, the overall-PMD could be reduced significantly.
The accumulated PMD along several fibers in an optical network were measured in order to identify those short fiber portions exhibiting high PMD. By replacing high-PMD-portion(s) in each fiber, the overall-PMD could be reduced significantly.
Fibre links in an optical network generally comprise several relatively short fibre segments which have been spliced together in cables. These fibre segments or ldquosectionsrdquo are assembled with optical connectors and have lengths of some tens of kilometres. The characteristic parameters of the fibre sections are attenuation, chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarisation mode dispersion (PMD). However,...
A new POTDR measurement technique is used to investigate the spatial distribution of PMD in deployed fibers. Results help to identify high-PMD fiber sections that need to be replaced to enable 40Gbit/s transmission and beyond.
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