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The injury sustained by reperfused skeletal muscle is inflammatory and is initiated by binding of pre-formed IgM to involved tissue, followed by local complement activation and further inflammation. A clone of natural IgM has been described that initiates this injury, suggesting that specific antigens are exposed on ischemic tissues that act as ligands for this pathogenic antibody. In these experiments,...
Calls are increasing for physicians to disclose harmful medical errors to patients, but little is known about how physicians perform this challenging task. For surgeons, communication about errors is particularly important since surgical errors can have devastating consequences. Our objective was to explore how surgeons disclose medical errors using standardized patients.Thirty academic surgeons participated...
Background. Impaired T-cell function has been noted in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Recently, loss of function was found to be associated with modifications in T-cell receptor complex (TCR)-mediated signaling. A common feature is loss or reduced expression levels of the signaling chain, TCRζ. We evaluated whether loss of function in TIL and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from patients...
Background: Optimal T-cell activation requires not only ligation of the T-cell receptor (TcR) but also delivery of costimulatory signals by various accessory molecules. The interaction of the costimulatory molecule B7.1 (CD80) with its receptor CD28 provides a strong positive signal to T cells. Methods: The B7.1 gene was transduced into cultured human ovarian, breast, and pancreatic tumor cells by...
Background: The Fas (APO-1/CD95) receptor/Fas ligand (FasR/FasL) system plays a key role in immune surveillance. We investigated the possibility of a tumor escape mechanism involving the FasR/FasL system in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods: Fourteen pancreatic cancer cell lines and 3 pancreatic cancer surgical specimens were studied for their expression of FasR and FasL by flow cytometry, immunoblotting,...
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