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We tested the efficacy of DNA vaccines expressing the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) pre-surface (pre-S/S) and surface (S) proteins in modifying the outcome of infection in 14-day-old ducks. In two experiments, Pekin Aylesbury ducks were vaccinated on days 4 and 14 of age with plasmid DNA vaccines expressing either the DHBV pre-S/S or S proteins, or the control plasmid vector, pcDNA1.1Amp. All ducks...
As a first step in developing immuno-therapeutic vaccines for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, we examined the ability of a whole-cell vaccine, expressing the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core antigen (DHBcAg), to target infected cells leading to the resolution of de novo DHBV infections. Three separate experiments were performed. In each experiment, ducks were vaccinated at 7 and...
The SELEX method of in vitro selection was used to isolate RNAs that bind the RB69 RegA translational repressor protein immobilized on Ni-NTA agarose. After five rounds of SELEX, the pool of selected RNA displayed striking sequence uniformity: UAAUAAUAAUAAUA was clearly enriched in the 14 nucleotides that underwent selection. Individual, cloned molecules displayed a repeating (UAA) sequence, with...
Bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase 2 (Rnl2) exemplifies a subfamily of RNA strand-joining enzymes that includes the trypanosome RNA editing ligases. A homolog of T4 Rnl2 is encoded in the 244-kbp DNA genome of vibriophage KVP40. We show that the 335-amino acid KVP40 Rnl2 is a monomeric protein that catalyzes RNA end-joining through ligase-adenylate and RNA-adenylate (AppRNA) intermediates. In the absence...
This report describes induction of HIV-1 resistance and synthesis of resistance factors in immortal CD4-positive T lymphocytes. SupT1 cells were infected by NL4-3 attenuated by a defect in the vif gene through coculture with infected primary lymphocytes. Cell lines from this infection, termed R1, expressed CD4 and CXCR4, carried low levels of HIV-1 DNA, but expressed no other detectable viral products...
Hepatitis B viruses establish a chronic, productive, and noncytopathic infection of hepatocytes. Viral products are produced by transcription from multiple copies (5–50) of covalently closed circular (ccc) viral DNA. This cccDNA does not replicate, but can be replaced by DNA precursors that are synthesized in the cytoplasm. The present study was carried out to determine if long-term treatment with...
Experimental inoculation of naive ducks with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) can lead to one of three outcomes, namely, persistent viremia, transient infection with or without viremia, or no evidence of infection. The ability of individual ducks to resolve DHBV infection was found to be linked to the age of the duck at the time of inoculation and the dose of inoculated virus. (1) In recently hatched...
Using pooled serum from congenitally duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected ducks as inoculum, we examined the effect of virus dose on the incubation period of infection and on the patterns of spread of virus infection in the liver. The pooled serum inoculum contained 9.5 × 10 9 DHBV genomes per milliliter and had an infectivity titre (ID 50 ) in newly hatched ducks of 1.5 × 10 ...
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