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TGF-β superfamily members signal through a heteromeric receptor complex to regulate craniofacial development. TGF-β type II receptor appears to bind only TGF-β, whereas TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5) also binds to ligands in addition to TGF-β. Our previous work has shown that conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2 in the neural crest cells of mice leads to severe craniofacial bone defects. In this study,...
Smad4 is the central mediator for TGF-β/BMP signals, which are involved in regulating cranial neural crest (CNC) cell formation, migration, proliferation and fate determination. It is unclear whether TGF-β/BMP signals utilize Smad-dependent or -independent pathways to control the development of CNC cells. To investigate the functional significance of Smad4 in regulating CNC cells, we generated mice...
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