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Three powdery CaO-based sorbents were synthesized respectively from calcium acetate and three different inert support precursors. Based on these sorbent powder, sorbent pellets without and with pore forming material (cellulose) were fabricated using an extrusion-spheronization method. Cyclic CO2 sorption performance of all powdery sorbents and sorbent pellets were tested in a TGA. It was found that...
The liquid-phase processes occurring during fuel droplet combustion are important in deciding the behaviour of the overall combustion process, especially, for the multicomponent fuel droplets. Hence, understanding these processes is essential for explaining the combustion of the multicomponent fuel droplet. However, the very fast combustion of the too small fuel droplet makes experimental investigation...
Modified microfiber attapulgite (MFA)-supported nickel was prepared by thermally decomposing nickel tetracarbonyl on MFA modified with an acidic ionic liquid (AIL, 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate). It was characterized with multiple instruments and used for catalyzing hydroconversion of lignite-related model compounds (LRMCs) oxydibenzene, benzyloxybenzene, and oxybis(methylene)dibenzene...
Piliqing subbituminous coal (PSBC) was exhaustively extracted with isometric acetone/carbon disulfide mixed solvent under ultrasonic irradiation to afford extractable portion (EP) and extraction residue (RE). Then RE was subjected to sequential thermal dissolution (TD) in ethanol at 200, 240, 280, and 320°C and TD at each temperature was conducted for 2h. The sequential TD provided soluble portions...
The effect of the presence of ozone on the flammability limit and near-limit combustion of syngas (H2/CO)/O2 flames with N2, CO2, and H2O dilutions was numerically studied. This study involved systematic simulations of 1-D planer laminar premixed flames under near-limit conditions using the PREMIX code considering the detailed description of chemical kinetics and molecular transport, and the intrinsic...
Porous cellulose beads (CBs) were prepared using ionic liquid as solvent and then further modified using different reagents which were ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene tetramine (TETA) and 4-aminostyrene (AST). These CBs were used as carrier for immobilization of H3PW12O40 (HPW). The immobilized catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, XRD,...
The acidification-decomposition process was used to enhance the performance of the natural limestone. A series of potential organic acids was employed to modify limestone to produce CaO-based sorbents for high temperature CO2 capture. The organic acids studied include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid monohydrate, oxalic acid dihydrate, lactic acid, l-(−)-malic acid, and l-(+)-tartaric...
A negative pressure cavitation–microwave assisted extraction technique (NMAE) was first applied on extraction of seed oil from yellow horn. The operating conditions were optimized by a Box–Behnken design (BBD) test. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of yellow horn oil seed can reach 52±1%. The extraction kinetics of the NMAE method and soxhlet extraction (SE) method were also investigated. The...
The dilution effects of inert components N2 and CO2 on the propagation and extinction of lean premixed H2/CO/air syngas flames were experimentally and numerically investigated. Extinction stretch rates were measured using the counterflow technique while laminar flame speed data were obtained from literatures. Numerical simulations were conducted at 1-D freely propagating configuration and opposed-jet...
A mixing model for the calculation of laminar flame speed of lean premixed H2/CO fuel blends was derived through asymptotic analysis coupled with a reduced chemistry mechanism. The model was developed following the similar procedure given for the single component fuel. According to the different dominant effects of H2 in H2/CO/air flame, two separated algebra formulas were given when H2 content was...
The three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of a propane diffusion flame was investigated using high speed stereo imaging and a newly developed stereoscopic schlieren techniques. The laminar flame is kept at a flow rate of 0.3slpm, which corresponds to a mean exit flow velocity of 0.30m/s and a low Reynolds number at 300. The flame shows a typical flickering phenomenon at 11Hz. The 3D dynamics of the visible...
This paper examined the behavior and NO emission of laminar non-premixed methane/air jet flames when subjected to high frequency alternating electric fields of 10kHz over the voltage range of 0–4.0kV. In particular, this paper examined variations of flame shape and luminosity, CO and NO molar fractions in the downstream flue gas, and chemiluminescence from OH ∗ and CH ∗ in the voltage-influenced...
An innovative 3D flame visualisation and digital reconstruction technique was developed on the basis of digital flame colour enhancement and conventional stereo reconstruction methods. This combined methodology, together with Schlieren visualisation technique, was utilized to investigate the ignition process of propane impinging diffusion flame. Through the application of flame colour analysis, it...
The effect of ignition location on the propagation of premixed and diffusion flames of hydrogen and mixtures of hydrogen and carbon dioxide towards and away from an impingement plate was studied using distance-time relations and velocity–time curves for the edge of the flame boundary at the centre line. It is shown that ignition location, fuel composition and jet velocity have large effects on the...
Using nonlinear theory as guidance, the expected (both reported and unreported) nonlinear response modes of a laminar diffusion flame to external acoustic excitation are investigated at different frequencies (6–100Hz). The flame oscillating frequency is analyzed using digital signal and image processing techniques, while the hot gas dynamics are visualized by a high speed schlieren imaging system...
The experimental investigation of impinging diffusion methane (CH 4 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) ignition-to-combustion process under varying fuel flow rates and ignition positions have been characterised through multi-dimensional Digital Flame Colour Discrimination (DFCD) incorporated image processing methods. The DFCD post-processed digital flame images revealed that a 2D bluish-green...
The experimental investigation of the dynamic flame flickering properties of acoustically excited combustion process has been conducted. In particular, the variations of flame oscillation frequency response in diffusion-like sooty and premixed-like chemiluminescence flame colour entities under external acoustic perturbation were extracted, analysed, and compared using digital colour image processing...
The experimental investigation of flame properties based on digital colour analysis has been conducted. In particular, the practicality of obtaining physical flame chemiluminescence characteristics through the inherent colour-filtering architecture employed in the digitisation of flame images was demonstrated. This is important as radical emission signals is an effective non-intrusive tool for deriving...
In this work, the denitrogenation of hydrocarbons under supercritical water oxidation environment was investigated in a rotated bomb reactor at 623–723K and 25–35MPa over sulfided NiMo catalyst. Quinoline was used as a model nitrogen-containing compound. A high reduction of total nitrogen up to about 85% was obtained. The denitrogenation pathway is composed of two consecutive steps: in situ H ...
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