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This paper proposes a risk evaluation model to assess the impact of communication delay and bit error on relay protection. First, the mechanism of mal-function of relay protection caused by communication delay and bit error is introduced. In general, a channel's consistent delay or bit error results in refuse-operation, while a channel's inconsistent delay normally causes false trip. Based on the...
Communication system provides technical support for observability and controllability of Wide-Area Power System. However, communication faults such as time delay. bit error and interruption may lead to abnormal operation, sometimes even causing cascaded failure in electric power system. Therefore. it is important to perform the vulnerability assessment of electric power and communication system in...
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