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The effects of a cavity structure on the characteristics of a half E-shaped patch antenna printed on a low-permittivity substrate with an air gap were investigated. The addition of the cavity structure increased the impedance bandwidth, improved the gain, and reduced the backward radiation of the antenna.
In this paper, we present a small dual spiral line loaded monopole antenna on a vertical ground plane with a broad bandwidth and omni-directional radiation pattern. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 12.3% for VSWR<2 with a center frequency at 1.10 GHz and small physical dimensions of 12 mm times 12 mm times 12 mm.
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