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Exact solutions of the Dicke Hamiltonian plus a dipole–dipole interaction among N two-level atoms are derived based on an algebraic Bethe ansatz. As an example application, the role of the dipole–dipole interaction in ground-state-atom condensates of a system is explored.
We have performed the calculations of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) versus the thickness of ferromagnetic and/or non-magnetic layers in NiFe/Cu/NiFe and/or Co/Cu/Co sandwiched structures in both cases: (1) interfacial spin-dependent scattering only; (2) the presence of both interfacial and bulk spin-dependent scattering. The results show that, in the presence of both interfacial and bulk spin-dependent...
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