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This paper proposes a novel method for assessment of muscle imbalance based on muscle synergy hypothesis and equilibrium point (EP) hypothesis of motor control. We explain in detail the method for extracting muscle synergies under the concept of agonist-antagonist (AA) muscle pairs and for estimating EP trajectories and endpoint stiffness of human upper limbs in a horizontal plane using an electromyogram...
Based on the idea of synergy to explore the building blocks of movements, this study focused on the muscle space for reaching movements by human upper limbs on a horizontal plane to estimate the relationship among muscle synergies, equilibrium-point (EP) trajectories, and endpoint stiffness in two ways: (1) a novel estimation method that analyzes electromyographic signals under the concept of agonist-antagonist...
This paper describes a novel method for controlling a human-like musculoskeletal leg robot by implementing muscle coordination in human voluntary movement. To examine human motor control involving the ill-posed problem of redundant degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), we introduce the concept of the agonist-antagonist muscle pair ratio (A-A ratio) which represents the coordination of agonist-antagonist muscle...
We made a discovery that links with influential hypotheses that the central nervous system may produce movements by combining units of motor output. This paper introduces the key concept we call the “A-A ratio,” which is the EMG ratio of agonist-antagonist muscle pairs. The statistical analysis based on the A-A ratio specifies that (1) human lower limb movement during walking is explained as the superposition...
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