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Recent outbreaks of a novel H7N9 avian influenza virus in humans in China raise pandemic concerns and underscore an urgent need to develop effective vaccines. Theoretically, live influenza vaccines are of multiple advantages over traditional inactivated influenza vaccines to be used in a pandemic, because they can be produced rapidly, safely, and inexpensively. However, studies on live vaccines against...
H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) causes widespread infections in poultry and wild birds, and has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat to human. Antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) are highly effective at inhibiting gene replication. Antibody-mediated delivery is a novel approach to target specific cells and tissues. In this study, we designed and synthesized three AS ODNs (PA4, PA492 and...
A novel 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus was transmitted from humans to humans worldwide. The live attenuated monovalent A H1N1 vaccine (LAMV) for intranasal administration has shown promising immunogenicity and safety in clinical trials and for human use, but the experimental data based on LAMV is incomplete. In this study, using reverse genetic technology, we produced a cold-adapted (ca), live attenuated...
The hemagglutinin antigen (HA) of avian influenza virus (AIV) is an immunogen abundant on the surfaces of infected cells, and can be used as a target for specific antibodies to clear viral infection. Protamine has been demonstrated to deliver DNA into cells effectively. Accordingly, a fusion protein of anti-HA single-chain fragment variable (scFv) and truncated protamine (tP) may be used as a vehicle...
DNA vaccines have emerged as a potential alternative to current strategies to control cancer for their safety, stability and ease of preparation. We have previously demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 antigen (CRT/E7) can generate significant E7-specific immune responses and antitumor effects in vaccinated mice, thus enhancing...
Therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines targeting E6 and/or E7 antigens represent an opportunity to control HPV-associated lesions. We have previously generated several therapeutic DNA vaccines targeting HPV-16 E7 antigen and generated significant antitumor effects. Since regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in suppressing immune responses against tumors by immunotherapy, such...
There is currently a vital need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the control of advanced stage cancers. Antigen-specific immunotherapy and the employment of antibodies against the death receptor 5 (DR5) have emerged as two potentially promising strategies for cancer treatment. In the current study, we hypothesize that the combination of treatment with the anti-DR5 monoclonal...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and infants. Previous animal studies have shown that immunizing intramuscularly or intraperitoneally with the RSV G protein has elicited protective as well as harmful immune responses upon RSV challenge. In an RSV immunization strategy designed to target the respiratory tract directly (the site of...
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