The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Adults with chronic conditions are at much greater risk of influenza-related morbidity and mortality, yet flu vaccine uptake remains suboptimal. Research focused on the high-risk population has been limited, particularly related to racial disparities in vaccination. We explore a broad range of demographic, racial, and psychosocial factors to identify predictors of vaccination among high-risk adults,...
Racial disparities in adult flu vaccination rates persist with African Americans falling below Whites in vaccine acceptance. Although the literature has examined traditional variables including barriers, access, attitudes, among others, there has been virtually no examination of the extent to which racial factors including racial consciousness, fairness, and discrimination may affect vaccine attitudes...
Populations and routine childhood vaccine regimens have changed substantially since supply chains were designed in the 1980s, and introducing new vaccines during the “Decade of Vaccine” may exacerbate existing bottlenecks, further inhibiting the flow of all vaccines.Working with the Mozambique Ministry of Health, our team implemented a new process that integrated HERMES computational simulation modeling...
Since the first case of human infection in March 2013, continued reports of H7N9 cases highlight a potential pandemic threat. Highly immunogenic vaccines to this virus are urgently needed to protect vulnerable populations who lack protective immunity. In this study, an egg- and adjuvant-independent adenoviral vector-based, hemagglutinin H7 subtype influenza vaccine (HAd-H7HA) demonstrated enhanced...
The use of immunosuppressive drugs can impair vaccination responses. When used during pregnancy, they may interfere with the development of the fetus's immune system. However, little is known regarding their influence on infant's response to vaccinations.Twenty-seven children born to renal transplant mothers (Tx) taking immunosuppressive drugs and 31 healthy children had the humoral immune response...
Neonates born to renal transplanted women are exposed in utero to immunosuppressors and to antenatal conditions that may predispose the neonate to a high risk of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation. These factors might interfere with the transfer of maternal IgG immunity. Total IgG levels and specific antibodies to measles, varicella, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus...
Pneumonia and gastroenteritis are leading causes of vaccine-preventable childhood morbidity and mortality. Malawi introduced pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines to the immunisation programme in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Evaluating their effectiveness is vital to ensure optimal implementation and justify sustained investment.A national evaluation platform was established to determine vaccine...
Refugees are at an increased risk of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because many of their countries of origin, as well as host countries, have intermediate-to-high prevalence rates. Refugees arriving to the US are also at risk of serious sequelae from chronic HBV infection because they are not routinely screened for the virus overseas or in domestic post-arrival exams, and may live in the...
Following introduction of routine infant rotavirus vaccination, severe diarrhea hospitalization rates declined among children aged <5 years throughout Brazil. Ensuring equity of rotavirus vaccine impact is important in countries that self-finance immunization programs. The objective of this study was to examine rotavirus vaccine impact on diarrhea admission rates among children aged <5 years...
To compare humoral and cellular immune responses to tetanus booster vaccination in infants born prematurely with those born at full term and identify factors associated with the humoral response.A prospective study was carried out on children born prematurely and with a birth weight <1500g and with infants born at full term. At 15 months (pre-vaccination) and 18 months (post-vaccination), anti-tetanus...
It has been proposed that microbial translocation might play a role in chronic immune activation during HIV/SIV infection. Key roles in fighting bacterial and fungal infections have been attributed to Th17 and Tc17 cells. Th17 cells can be infected with HIV/SIV, however whether effective vaccination leads to their maintenance following viral challenge has not been addressed. Here we retrospectively...
Brazil recommends universal yellow fever (YF) vaccination for children who reside in or travel to endemic areas. We conducted a household survey to calculate YF vaccine coverage among children 18–30 months of age in 27 capital cities. A total of 9285 children were surveyed in the 15 cities with YF fever universal vaccination; 7290 (79%) had documented evidence of YF vaccination by 12 months of age,...
We conducted a multi-stage household cluster survey to calculate hepatitis B vaccine coverage among children 18–30 months of age in 27 Brazilian cities. Hepatitis B vaccine is administered at birth, 1 month and 6 months of age by Brazil's national immunization program. Among 17,749 children surveyed, 40.2% received a birth dose within one day of birth, 94.8% received at least one dose of hepatitis...
The efficacy of a new recombinant subunit West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine candidate was determined in a hamster model of meningoencephalitis. Groups of hamsters were immunized subcutaneously with a WNV recombinant envelope protein (80E) with or without WNV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) mixed with adjuvant or adjuvant alone. At 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after two immunizations at 4 week intervals...
While several West Nile vaccines are being developed, none are yet available for humans. In this study aimed at developing a vaccine for humans, West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) were produced in the Drosophila S2 cell expression system. The C-terminal 20% of the E protein, which contains the membrane anchor portion, was deleted, thus allowing for efficient...
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination protects against pulmonary tuberculosis in the United Kingdom but not in Malawi. We investigated whether a difference in the clonal T-cell response to BCG vaccination might account for this. The results of clonal analysis were compared to those obtained by skin testing and in a whole blood interferon gamma assay.Pre-vaccination antigen specific...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory disease in calves and human infants. In response to outbreaks, formalin inactivated (FI)-RSV vaccines were developed and found to exacerbate disease following a live RSV infection. We have reproduced vaccination induced disease enhancement in calves and screened various antibody isotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from two studies:...
This paper discusses the US Food and Drug Administration’s approach to evaluation of vaccines in general, and vaccines against diseases of bioterrorism in particular. We summarize the scientific bases for development and approval of vaccines and then discuss specific issues regarding vaccines against disease organisms that could potentially be used as weapons of bioterrorism.
Safe RSV vaccine development has challenged the medical community since a formalin-killed RSV vaccine caused disease exacerbation in the 1960s. Disease was replicated using the bovine RSV system in one of two studies. The studies differed in viral protein dose and length of time between vaccination and infection. Disease exacerbation occurred in study 2 (previously reported). We hypothesized that...
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination with commercially-available multivalent vaccines containing either modified-live (MLV) bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) (Bovishield ( R)) or MLV plus killed (MLV+K) BHV-1 (Reliant ( R) Plus) on protection against challenge at 5 days after a single vaccination. An additional objective was to determine whether cell-mediated...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.