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In this paper, the dynamic complexity of an apparent competition community model with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is studied using Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams. Furthermore, the equilibrium points of the model are investigated analytically. The system exhibits many complex features, experiencing stable, periodic and chaotic dynamics for various choices of the growth...
Apply game theory to develop the models of a closed-loop supply chain system with single manufacturer, retailer and single third party collecting the used products. This paper focuses on analyzing the optimal price and profit of the member enterprises in decentralized structure. In addition, we also evaluate the performance of the member enterprises and the whole system compared with the traditional...
This paper reports an investigation of the emergence of a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with Hassell-Varley-type functional response and reaction diffusion. The instability of the uniform equilibrium of the model is discussed. The conditions for Hopf and Turing bifurcation are obtained in a spatial domain. Furthermore, spatial pattern formation is illustrated by means of numerical simulation,...
In this paper, the dynamic complexity of a three-species ecological system with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is studied by using Lyapunov exponents, and bifurcation diagrams. Furthermore, the effects of intraspecies density dependence (IDD) on the dynamics of the model are investigated. It has been found that the addition of IDD to a three-species ecological model stabilizes the system,...
Empirical analysis about the determinants of health care expenditure (HCE) in China has been brought forward based on the co-integration and error correction model. The economy growth, population aging, government finance to hospital and urbanization level are all the long-term and steady-going factors which raised health care expenditure (HCE) in China. However, as indicated by the empirical analysis,...
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