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This paper explores the long-term effects that an ageing biodiesel fuel blended with low sulfur diesel fuel at concentrations of 0%, 15%, 50%, 85%, and 100% (v/v) can have on polyethylene materials. Rotationally molded fuel tanks made of linear low density polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene were used to appropriately mimic the storage environment of fuels, though the study also considered immersed...
An indirect method for measuring gas solubility in liquid media such as heavy oil, bitumen, petroleum residue and low volatility model hydrocarbons is reported. The method is intended for use with an existing X-ray view cell apparatus. With this apparatus it is possible to verify the number of phases present and to ensure that the phases are well mixed. For example, vortices in the impeller region...
Hydrogen is a key reagent in the petroleum and petrochemical industry. Thus, the intrinsic solubility of hydrogen in organic liquids of industrial interest is an important parameter for process design and process modeling. The existing hydrogen solubility data base for industrial fluids is limited and does not account for the potential impact of trace additives such as clay and catalyst fines, on...
Differences between maceral types with respect to heteroatom partitioning during pyrolysis under conditions representative of pf-combustion have been investigated. Pyrolysis experiments have been carried out in a wire-mesh reactor; maceral concentrates and whole coals have been heated at 5000 o C s -1 to 1500 o C, in atmospheric pressure He. The proportion of N-retention...
The pyrolytic behaviour of sets of maceral concentrates have been examined under conditions similar to those of pf-combustion. Relative combustion reactivities of chars prepared during the pyrolysis experiments have been compared by standard methods. As expected, for samples of similar elemental C-content, total volatile release decreased as: liptinite > vitrinite > inertinite. The data indicates...
Changes in the combustion reactivity of sets of chars from five coals have been determined as a function of increasing devolatilisation temperature, heating rate and pressure. Chars were prepared in wire-mesh pyrolysis reactors, where evolving volatiles are rapidly removed from the vicinity of the heating coal. Samples were heated at rates between 1 and 5000 Ks -1 to temperatures up...
The properties of chars derived from coals of a wide range of rank produced in wire-mesh (WMR) and entrained-flow (EFR) reactors were compared. The WMR was operated at atmospheric pressure of helium or nitrogen with heating rates of 2-5000 K s -1 , temperatures up to 1773 K and residence time of 2-30 s. The EFR was operated at 1273 K with a residence time of 1 s in nitrogen at atmospheric...
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