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Proton motive force (Δp) generation by Escherichia coli wild type cells during glycerol fermentation was first studied. Its two components, electrical—the membrane potential (∆φ) and chemical—the pH transmembrane gradient (ΔpH), were established and the effects of external pH (pHex) were determined. Intracellular pH was 7.0 and 6.0 and lower than pHex at pH 7.5 and 6.5, respectively; and it was higher...
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