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In safety-critical systems a global high-reliability is sought, including in the communication network when a distributed control system is used. The FlexRay protocol was developed within the automotive industry with the necessary characteristics to respond to the demands of safety-critical applications, e.g. X-by-wire. Nevertheless, the FlexRay protocol does not define a mechanism to guarantee message...
On-the-fly adaptability and reconfigurability are recently becoming an interest in real-time communications. To assure a continued real-time behavior, the admission control with a quality-of-service mechanism is required, that screen all adaptation and reconfiguration requests. In the context of switched Ethernet networks, the FTT-SE protocol provides adaptive real-time communication. Recently, we...
Distributed embedded systems have traditionally been designed using static approaches, i.e., assuming a static environment. Such approaches, however, cannot guarantee continuous operation under dynamic environments that impose new requirements upon a system as time passes. As a solution, flexible approaches have been proposed. One such approach that allows a system to adapt to changing real-time requirements...
In communication systems, transient faults will eventually occur. Thus, some mechanism is necessary to handle them and achieve appropriate levels of reliability, particularly in safety-critical systems. One possibility is to rely on temporal redundancy, i.e., using message retransmissions. General requirements for such a mechanism would include a parsimonious use of extra bandwidth while guaranteeing...
Hierarchical scheduling is instrumental to efficiently deploy component-based designs and achieve composability. It allows partitioning resources into multiple levels, hiding the complexity within each partition behind its respective interface. In this paper we focus on the network resource, particularly on Ethernet using ordinary COTS switches, and we show how hierarchical scheduling can be efficiently...
Ethernet switches are increasingly used in real-time distributed systems as a technical solution to guarantee the timeliness in communications. However, there are still limitations related to real-time behavior caused by the limited number of priority levels and the possibility of memory overruns with consequent message losses. These limitations can be eliminated using a master/slave technique such...
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