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In this paper, we investigate the pricing and resource allocation strategies in the two-tier sensing-based cognitive fem-tocell networks, where the macrocell and femtocells are operating over the same frequency band. The macrocell base station protects itself by setting the maximum aggregate interference constraint and makes profit by pricing the interference from femtocell users. Different from the...
This paper presents a long-run incremental cost pricing (LRIC) model that reflects the cost caused by the changes of the circuit breakers utilisation levels in the network. The pricing focuses on evaluating the costs of advancing the circuit breakers' upgrade consequent upon the Distributed Generator (DG) connection. In this paper, the impact to the future circuit breaker reinforcement is assessed...
Micro-generations (MGs) have gain increasing awareness among general public, who begin to recognize its potential to reduce their carbon emissions and electricity bills. Their willingness of uptaking local generation technologies is stimulated through capital grant schemes and new regulations imposed on new building stock. Further growth will require the support from both markets and tight and timely...
This paper presents a novel approach for providing long-run incremental cost (LRIC) pricing in network charging. The proposed approach reflects the cost imposed on a network from the increases in fault current levels when connecting new generators or inductors. In this paper, the LRIC pricing principles have been adopted for network's circuit breakers, reflecting the cost of advancing or deferring...
Embedded generators are expected to play an increasingly important role in future energy supply. They could potentially benefit networks from loss reduction and deferred or delayed investment. Equally, they can increase network investment through inappropriate siting, potentially leading to expensive network upgrading and expansion. This cost/benefit of embedded generator is not reflected by any of...
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