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A promising biochar-based catalyst was successfully developed from Jatropha curcas hull and de-oiled meal by incomplete carbonization and subsequent sulfonation. The catalysts were employed to produce functionalized blend components for low sulfur diesel. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG-DSC, BET, FT-IR and SEM. The characterization results revealed that the catalysts consisted of irregular,...
Soot formation from RP-3 jet fuel has been investigated in a heated shock tube. Experiments were carried out at pressures of 2 and 5atm, temperatures of 1670–2200K, for pyrolysis and for equivalence ratios of 20, 10 and 5 highly diluted in argon. Soot induction delay time and soot yield were studied by measuring the soot-induced laser extinction signal at 632.8nm. The effects of temperature, pressure...
TAA, a new dispersant for making coal–water slurry (CWS), has been synthesized by grafting copolymerization of oxidized tannic acid (TA) and acrylic acid (AA). 1H NMR and FTIR tests revealed that TAA has a unique jellyfish-like 3D molecular structure, in agreement with experimental evidences from contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The surfactivity of TAA in aqueous solution was characterized...
A series of Brønsted-Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of C9H10O2·XZnCl2 (X from 0.5 to 3) were synthesized by simple mixing. The DESs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The desulfurization of a model oil was investigated using C9H10O2·XZnCl2 as the extraction agent and catalyst, and H2O2 as the oxidant....
Ignition delay experiments for gas phase n-nonane/air mixtures have been performed behind reflected shock waves over a wide temperature range of 684–1448K, pressures of 2.0–15.0atm, and equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. Ignition delay times were determined using electronically excited CH emission and reflected shock pressure signals monitored at the sidewall of the shock tube. A negative-temperature-coefficient...
Autoignition properties of diethoxymethane/O2/Ar mixtures were systematically investigated using a shock-tube facility under various ignition conditions, including reflected shock pressures of 2−10×105Pa, temperatures of 1065–1370K, and equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Ignition delay times were determined by measuring the time interval between electronically excited CH∗ emission and reflected...
CaO–Al 2 O 3 sorbents were synthesized through the citrate preparation route using citric acid, aluminum nitrate and CaCO 3 as raw materials. In the final calcination step, a four-step heating mode, which might favor the formation of porous structure, was adopted to activate sorbents instead of the traditional one step activation procedure. The synthetic CaO–Al 2 O...
Fossil fuel combustion system is one of the major sources of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, which is considered to be the main greenhouse gas contribution to the global warming. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising combustion technology with inherent separation of CO 2 . Calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) can be used as a new oxygen carrier in this system. In CLC, CaSO...
Selective separation of nitrogen (N 2 ) from methane (CH 4 ) is highly significant in natural gas purification, and it is very challenging to achieve this because of their nearly identical size (the molecular diameters of N 2 and CH 4 are 3.64Å and 3.80Å, respectively). Here we theoretically study the adsorption of N 2 and CH 4 on B 12 cluster...
The exploitation of methane hydrate formed under the same conditions is simulated experimentally to investigate the gas production behavior at different injected solutions (hot water, saline solution, and ethylene glycol) with continuous injection mode using a three-dimensional quiescent reactor. The influence of hot water temperature, injection rate, and injected solution type on the gas production...
A method for the determination of halogens (F, Cl, Br, and I) in coal using pyrohydrolysis for sample digestion and ion chromatography is proposed. The pyrohydrolysis conditions and the types and concentrations of the absorption solutions are optimized. The limits of detection of the method are 0.045, 0.072, 0.15, and 0.25μgg −1 for F, Cl, Br, and I, respectively. With its simplicity, precision,...
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