Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: Paulo A. V. Borges

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The drivers of plant turnover change across spatial scales in the Azores

María Leo, François Rigal, Cristina Ronquillo, Paulo A. V. Borges, więcej

Ecography > 2024 > 6 > n/a - n/a

Beta diversity patterns are essential for understanding how biological communities are structured. Geographical and environmental factors, as well as species dispersal ability, are important drivers of beta diversity, but their relative importance may vary across spatial scales. In this study, we evaluate whether beta diversity changes across geographical scales and analyse how different drivers affect...

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Collective and harmonized high throughput barcoding of insular arthropod biodiversity: Toward a Genomic Observatories Network for islands

Brent C. Emerson, Paulo A. V. Borges, Pedro Cardoso, Peter Convey, więcej

Molecular Ecology > 32 > 23 > 6161 - 6176

Current understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes underlying island biodiversity is heavily shaped by empirical data from plants and birds, although arthropods comprise the overwhelming majority of known animal species, and as such can provide key insights into processes governing biodiversity. Novel high throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches are now emerging as powerful tools to overcome...

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A global analysis of avian island diversity–area relationships in the Anthropocene

Thomas J. Matthews, Joseph P. Wayman, Robert J. Whittaker, Pedro Cardoso, więcej

Ecology Letters > 26 > 6 > 965 - 982

Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the...

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Land use change through the lens of macroecology: insights from Azorean arthropods and the maximum entropy theory of ecology

Micah Brush, Thomas J. Matthews, Paulo A. V. Borges, John Harte

Ecography > 2022 > 8 > n/a - n/a

Human activity and land management practices, in particular land use change, have resulted in the global loss of biodiversity. These types of disturbance affect the shape of macroecological patterns, and therefore analyzing these patterns can provide insights into how ecosystems are affected by land use change. We here use arthropod census data from 96 sites at Terceira Island in the Azores archipelago...

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Habitat filtering and inferred dispersal ability condition across‐scale species turnover and rarity in Macaronesian island spider assemblages

Jagoba Malumbres‐Olarte, François Rigal, Marco Girardello, Pedro Cardoso, więcej

Journal of Biogeography > 48 > 12 > 3131 - 3144

Aim Habitat diversity has been linked to the diversity and structure of island communities, however, little is known about patterns and processes within habitats. Here we aim to determine the contributions of habitat type and inferred dispersal frequency to the differences in taxonomic structure between assemblages in the same island habitat. Location The Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira,...

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A unified model of species abundance, genetic diversity, and functional diversity reveals the mechanisms structuring ecological communities

Isaac Overcast, Megan Ruffley, James Rosindell, Luke Harmon, więcej

Molecular Ecology Resources > 21 > 8 > 2782 - 2800

Biodiversity accumulates hierarchically by means of ecological and evolutionary processes and feedbacks. Within ecological communities drift, dispersal, speciation, and selection operate simultaneously to shape patterns of biodiversity. Reconciling the relative importance of these is hindered by current models and inference methods, which tend to focus on a subset of processes and their resulting...

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A strategy for the next decade to address data deficiency in neglected biodiversity

Axel Hochkirch, Michael J. Samways, Justin Gerlach, Monika Böhm, więcej

Conservation Biology > 35 > 2 > 502 - 509

Measuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high‐endemism regions. Conservation...

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Insect occurrence in agricultural land‐uses depends on realized niche and geographic range properties

Conor A. Waldock, Adriana De Palma, Paulo A. V. Borges, Andy Purvis

Ecography > 43 > 11 > 1717 - 1728

Geographic range size predicts species’ responses to land‐use change and intensification, but the reason why is not well established because many correlates of larger geographic ranges, such as realized niche breadth, may mediate species’ responses to environmental change. Agricultural land uses (hereafter ‘agroecosystems’) have warm, dry and more variable microclimates than do cooler and wetter mature...

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Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Stefano Mammola, Isabel R. Amorim, Maria E. Bichuette, Paulo A. V. Borges, więcej

Biological Reviews > 95 > 6 > 1855 - 1872

Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated...

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Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis

Paulo A. V. Borges, François Rigal, Alejandra Ros‐Prieto, Pedro Cardoso

Insect Conservation and Diversity > 13 > 5 > 508 - 518

A dramatic insect decline has been documented on the grasslands and forests of European or North American mainland. Yet, other parts of the world and other ecosystems remain much less studied with unknown patterns. Using a unique time‐series dataset, we investigate recent trends on abundance and richness of arthropods sampled in Azorean native forest over 6 years (2013–2018). We test the hypothesis...

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Unifying macroecology and macroevolution to answer fundamental questions about biodiversity

Brian J. McGill, Jonathan M. Chase, Joaquín Hortal, Isaac Overcast, więcej

Global Ecology and Biogeography > 28 > 12 > 1925 - 1936

The study of biodiversity started as a single unified field that spanned both ecology and evolution and both macro and micro phenomena. But over the 20th century, major trends drove ecology and evolution apart and pushed an emphasis towards the micro perspective in both disciplines. Macroecology and macroevolution re‐emerged as self‐consciously distinct fields in the 1970s and 1980s, but they remain...

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Conservation of Island Biota

Paulo A. V. Borges

Conservation Biology > 33 > 3 > 738 - 739

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Beyond the Last Glacial Maximum: Island endemism is best explained by long‐lasting archipelago configurations

Sietze J. Norder, Konstantinos Proios, Robert J. Whittaker, María R. Alonso, więcej

Global Ecology and Biogeography > 28 > 2 > 184 - 197

Aim To quantify the influence of past archipelago configuration on present‐day insular biodiversity patterns, and to compare the role of long‐lasting archipelago configurations over the Pleistocene to configurations of short duration such as at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present‐day. Location 53 volcanic oceanic islands from 12 archipelagos worldwide—Azores, Canary Islands, Cook Islands,...

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Differential temporal beta‐diversity patterns of native and non‐native arthropod species in a fragmented native forest landscape

Thomas J. Matthews, Jon Sadler, Rui Carvalho, Rui Nunes, więcej

Ecography > 42 > 1 > 45 - 54

An important factor that hinders the management of non‐native species is a general lack of information regarding the biogeography of non‐natives, and, in particular, their rates of turnover. Here, we address this research gap by analysing differences in temporal beta‐diversity (using both pairwise and multiple‐time dissimilarity metrics) between native and non‐native species, using a novel time‐series...

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Putting Islands on the Map

Paulo A. V. Borges

Conservation Biology > 32 > 5 > 1214 - 1215

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Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS): a proposal for the long-term coordinated survey and monitoring of native island forest biota

Paulo A. V. Borges, Pedro Cardoso, Holger Kreft, Robert J. Whittaker, więcej

Biodiversity and Conservation > 2018 > 27 > 10 > 2567-2586

Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refugia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitoring schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently...

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A global spatially explicit database of changes in island palaeo‐area and archipelago configuration during the late Quaternary

Sietze J. Norder, John B. Baumgartner, Paulo A. V. Borges, Tomislav Hengl, więcej

Global Ecology and Biogeography > 27 > 5 > 500 - 505

Motivation Past sea level fluctuations have shaped island area and archipelago configuration. The availability of global high‐resolution data on bathymetry and past sea levels allows reconstruction of island palaeo‐geography. Studies on the role of palaeo‐area often consider only the Last Glacial Maximum, which neglects the dynamics of island fusion and fission resulting from cyclic sea level fluctuations...

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Assessing the landscape functional connectivity using movement maps: a case study with endemic Azorean insects

Bruno A. Aparício, José Cascalho, Maria J. Cruz, Paulo A. V. Borges, więcej

Journal of Insect Conservation > 2018 > 22 > 2 > 257-265

There is a vast body of literature aiming to predict, for a large number of taxa, the spatial distribution of suitable areas given the expected future changes of climatic conditions. However, such studies often overlook the role of landscape functional connectivity. This is particularly relevant for species with low vagility, as ground-dwelling insects, inhabiting areas with high human pressure due...

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Functional traits of indigenous and exotic ground‐dwelling arthropods show contrasting responses to land‐use change in an oceanic island, Terceira, Azores

François Rigal, Pedro Cardoso, Jorge M. Lobo, Kostas A. Triantis, więcej

Diversity and Distributions > 24 > 1 > 36 - 47

Aim Land‐use change typically goes hand in hand with the introduction of exotic species, which mingle with indigenous species to form novel assemblages. Here, we compare the functional structure of indigenous and exotic elements of ground‐dwelling arthropod assemblages across four land‐uses of varying management intensity. Location Terceira Island (Azores, North Atlantic). Methods We used pitfall...

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Scaling α‐ and β‐diversity: bryophytes along an elevational gradient on a subtropical oceanic Island (La Palma, Canary Islands)

Raquel Hernández‐Hernández, Paulo A. V. Borges, Rosalina Gabriel, François Rigal, więcej

Journal of Vegetation Science > 28 > 6 > 1209 - 1219

Questions We addressed three questions: (1) what is the variation of α‐ and β‐diversity of bryophyte communities across spatial scales in an elevational gradient; (2) is spatial variation characteristic of different phylogenetic (mosses/liverworts) and/or ecological groups (terrestrials/epiphytes); and (3) what is the contribution of species richness and species replacement (true turnover) to β‐diversity...

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