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Applications of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in drug delivery and the encapsulation of bioactive, lipophilic compounds have been hindered by the tendency of SLN suspensions to undergo uncontrolled aggregation due to polymorphic transformation of the lipid crystals. Second generation lipid nanoparticle systems have been developed by mixing liquid lipid with solid lipid to form more stable nanostructured...
Population balance equation (PBE) models have been used extensively to predict drop size distributions (DSDs) of dispersed phase systems. Over the past decade, we have used the PBE framework to develop increasingly sophisticated process models for oil-in-water emulsions prepared with high pressure homogenizers. While these models can qualitatively predict the effects of formulation variables on the...
Forming stable clusters or aggregates of nanoparticles is of interest in a number of emerging applications. While formation of unstable fractal aggregates and flocs has been well-studied with both experiments and theory, the conditions that lead to stable, finite-sized clusters is not as well understood. Here, we present an integrated experimental and modeling study to explore aggregation in concentrated...
Population balance equation (PBE) models of emulsification processes allow the prediction of the drop size distribution, a critical determinant of emulsion properties. While many PBE models that account only for drop breakage have been developed for model emulsion systems with relatively low oil-to-surfactant ratios, industrial practice is to minimize surfactant use to reduce manufacturing costs and...
Most population balance equation (PBE) models of emulsion drop breakage are based on the assumption of binary drop breakage. We previously developed such a PBE model for high-pressure homogenizers with a daughter drop distribution function exhibiting a maximum probability for two equal sized drops. In this paper, we present a PBE model accounting for multiple drop breakage and show that the model...
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