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Autoantibodies against double stranded (ds) DNA are not only a helpful serological marker for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but have also been shown to be crucial in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. However, the question of how anti-dsDNA antibodies contribute to renal damage is unresolved. Many authorities believe that indirect binding (mediated by nuclear antigens) or direct...
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