Search results for: David M. Reid

Items from 1 to 20 out of 89 results

article

A high anticholinergic burden is associated with a history of falls in the previous year in middle-aged women: findings from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study

Andrew D. Ablett, Adrian D. Wood, Rebecca Barr, Jordan Guillot, more

Annals of Epidemiology > 2018 > 28 > 8 > 557-562.e2

To examine the cross-sectional association between anticholinergic medication burden (ACB) and a history of falls, bone mineral density, and low trauma fractures in middle-aged women aged under 65 years from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study.ACB (0 = none, 1 = possible, ≥2 = definite) was calculated from medication use for 3883 Caucasian women [mean age (SD) = 54.3 (2.3) years]...

article

Bone turnover markers after the menopause: T-score approach

Fatma Gossiel, Hibatallah Altaher, David M. Reid, Christian Roux, more

Bone > 2018 > 111 > C > 44-48

Bone turnover increases at the menopause and is associated with accelerated bone loss. However, it is not known to what extent there is an imbalance between the processes of bone resorption and bone formation, nor whether it is the rate of bone turnover or the bone balance that is most closely associated with the rate of bone loss.We studied 657 healthy women ages 20 to 79 from five European cities...

article

The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) Study: an inception cohort and biobank

James Dale, Caron Paterson, Ann Tierney, Stuart H. Ralston, more

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders > 2016 > 17 > 1 > 1-8

Background The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) study is an inception cohort of rheumatoid (RA) and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) patients that aims to provide a contemporary description of phenotype and outcome and facilitate discovery of phenotypic and prognostic biomarkers Methods Demographic and clinical outcome data are collected from newly diagnosed RA/UA patients every 6 months...

article

Brief Report: Predicting Functional Disability: One‐Year Results From the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Inception Cohort

Caroline Kronisch, David J. McLernon, James Dale, Caron Paterson, more

Arthritis & Rheumatology > 68 > 7 > 1596 - 1602

ObjectiveTo identify baseline prognostic indicators of disability at 1 year within a contemporary early inflammatory arthritis inception cohort and then develop a clinically useful tool to support early patient education and decision‐making. MethodsThe Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) inception cohort is a multicenter, prospective study of patients with newly presenting RA or undifferentiated...

article

A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies

Corneliu A. Bodea, Benjamin M. Neale, Stephan Ripke, Murray Barclay, more

The American Journal of Human Genetics > 2016 > 98 > 5 > 857-868

One goal of human genetics is to understand the genetic basis of disease, a challenge for diseases of complex inheritance because risk alleles are few relative to the vast set of benign variants. Risk variants are often sought by association studies in which allele frequencies in case subjects are contrasted with those from population-based samples used as control subjects. In an ideal world we would...

chapter

Prevention

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 23-32

The prevention of osteoporosis includes both population-based and targeted approaches (Figure 3.1). The goal of population-based strategies is to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture and the ensuing clinical and economic burden. Possible population-level approaches include lifestyle/behavioural changes and/or a mass screening programme. Targeted strategies, on the other hand, attempt to identify...

chapter

Investigation and diagnosis

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 33-47

Osteoporosis literally means ‘porous bone’. The definition of osteoporosis accepted at an international development conference in 2001 is that it is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength reflects the integration of bone density and bone quality [1]. This description provides the framework for an operational...

chapter

Introduction

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 1-11

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture, bone strength reflecting the integration of bone density and bone quality [1]. Osteoporosis affects an estimated 75 million people in Europe, Japan and the USA [2]. Its prevalence increases with age, and it mainly affects postmenopausal women and older men...

chapter

Non-pharmacological and adjunctive management

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 61-76

All women should be encouraged to take steps to prevent bone loss and fractures, such as eating a balanced diet (including adequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D), participating in appropriate weight-bearing exercise, not smoking, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and instituting measures to prevent falls. Some of these steps, such as smoking cessation and exercise, offer health benefits...

chapter

Crop Responses to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

Mirwais M. Qaderi, David M. Reid

Environmental Science and Engineering > Climate Change and Crops > 1-18

Recent studies have shown that global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) has increased markedly due to human activities, including burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, and its current level (383 ppm) has far exceeded the natural range (180–300 ppm) seen over 6500 centuries (IPCC 2007). Rising of atmospheric CO₂ has caused the globally averaged surface temperatures to increase by 0.6 ± 0.2°C over...

chapter

Pathophysiology

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 13-22

Bone is a dynamic living tissue composed of metabolically active cells integrated into a rigid framework. The main constituents of bone are an organic matrix and a complex crystalline salt. The combination of soft collagen overlaid with hard mineral creates a structure that is flexible yet resilient to stress.

chapter

Long-term management

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 117-131

Pain is a universal result of acute fracture; furthermore, chronic pain is a common complication following hip and vertebral fracture and can have an adverse effect on patients’ quality of life. Nevertheless, older patients are frequently undertreated for fracture pain, with a resultant increase in adverse outcomes [1]. For example, inadequate pain control after hip fracture is associated with poor...

chapter

Pharmacological treatment

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 77-115

Pharmacological treatment is indicated for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis or borderline bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in the presence of additional risk factors, and for women for whom non-pharmacological approaches have failed to prevent further bone loss or low-impact fractures. The availability of the new FRAX tool (see Chapter 5) has enabled intervention thresholds to be developed...

chapter

Fracture risk assessment

David M Reid

Handbook of Osteoporosis > 49-59

Osteoporotic fractures result from decreased bone mineral mass, changes to bone microarchitecture or geometry, and/or low-energy trauma as a result of loss of balance, inappropriate protective responses, or muscle weakness (Figure 5.1). Bone mineral density (BMD) is a strong predictor of fracture risk because bone mass accounts for 75–85% of the variation in bone strength [1]. Additional factors that...

book

Handbook of Osteoporosis

David M Reid, Springer Healthcare Ltd.

Handbook of Osteoporosis provides a concise but highly illustrated and essential resource for clinicians in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Opening with overviews of epidemiology, clinical features and pathophysiology, the book then discusses approaches to screening and prevention. Chapters on the assessment of both osteoporosis and risk factors for osteoporotic fracture are followed...

article

Phenotypic plasticity of sun and shade ecotypes of Stellaria longipes in response to light quality signaling, gibberellins and auxin

Leonid V. Kurepin, Richard P. Pharis, R.J. Neil Emery, David M. Reid, more

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry > 2015 > 94 > Complete > 174-180

Stellaria longipes plant communities (ecotypes) occur in several environmentally distinct habitats along the eastern slopes of southern Alberta's Rocky Mountains. One ecotype occurs in a prairie habitat at ∼1000 m elevation where Stellaria plants grow in an environment in which the light is filtered by taller neighbouring vegetation, i.e. sunlight with a low red to far-red (R/FR) ratio. This ecotype...

article

Normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism: prevalence and effect on bone status in older women. The OPUS study

Andrea Palermo, Richard Jacques, Fatma Gossiel, David M. Reid, more

Clinical Endocrinology > 82 > 6 > 816 - 823

ObjectiveThere are no consistent data on the prevalence and bone status of normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism (NHYPO) as defined by normal adjusted calcium and low PTH level. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and the metabolic bone profile of NHYPO in older women, assessing its evolution over time. The second objective was to evaluate the prevalence of other calcium metabolic disorders. DesignThe...

article

Reproducibility and Diagnostic Accuracy of Kellgren-Lawrence Grading for Osteoarthritis Using Radiographs and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Images

Kanako Yoshida, Rebecca J. Barr, Sandro Galea-Soler, Richard M. Aspden, more

Journal of Clinical Densitometry > 2015 > 18 > 2 > 239-244

Advances in image quality from modern dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners now allow near radiograph-like quality images at a low radiation dose. This opens potential new applications for the use of DXA scanners to study other musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis, which is often investigated by visual assessment of radiographs. Together, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are...

article

Does temperature regulate light quality effects on Abutilon theophrasti?

Mirwais M. Qaderi, Kuranda L. I. Slauenwhite, David M. Reid, Ronald M. MacKay

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum > 2015 > 37 > 7 > 1-13

Although the separate effects of light quality and temperature on plants have been studied extensively, their interactive effects have received little attention. We studied the combined effects of these two factors on the growth and physiology of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Plants were grown under two temperature regimes (24°/20 °C and 30°/26 °C; 16 h day/8 h night) and three red:far-red (R:FR)...

article

Added value of trabecular bone score to bone mineral density for prediction of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women: The OPUS study

Karine Briot, Simon Paternotte, Sami Kolta, Richard Eastell, more

Bone > 2013 > 57 > 1 > 232-236

The objective of this study was to consider whether trabecular bone score (TBS) improves on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurement alone for the prediction of incident fractures in postmenopausal women.The OPUS study was conducted in ambulatory European women aged above 55years, recruited in 5 centers followed over 6years. For the assessment of the performance of TBS, baseline Hologic scans...

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INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: David M. Reid

A high anticholinergic burden is associated with a history of falls in the previous year in middle-aged women: findings from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study

Bone turnover markers after the menopause: T-score approach

The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) Study: an inception cohort and biobank

Brief Report: Predicting Functional Disability: One‐Year Results From the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Inception Cohort

A Method to Exploit the Structure of Genetic Ancestry Space to Enhance Case-Control Studies

Prevention

Investigation and diagnosis

Introduction

Non-pharmacological and adjunctive management

Crop Responses to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Temperature

Pathophysiology

Long-term management

Pharmacological treatment

Fracture risk assessment

Handbook of Osteoporosis

Phenotypic plasticity of sun and shade ecotypes of Stellaria longipes in response to light quality signaling, gibberellins and auxin

Normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism: prevalence and effect on bone status in older women. The OPUS study

Reproducibility and Diagnostic Accuracy of Kellgren-Lawrence Grading for Osteoarthritis Using Radiographs and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Images

Does temperature regulate light quality effects on Abutilon theophrasti?

Added value of trabecular bone score to bone mineral density for prediction of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women: The OPUS study

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