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With the advent of more stringent regulations related to emissions, fuel economy, and global warming, as well as energy resource constraints, electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles have attracted increasing attention from vehicle constructors, governments, and consumers. Research and development efforts have focused on developing advanced powertrains and efficient energy systems. This paper reviews...
A hybrid electric vehicle is a combination of two power sources: one unidirectional power source based on an internal combustion engine (ICE), and the other bidirectional based on batteries or electric energy storage, plus electric machines (EM). Different ways of combination lead to different vehicle architectures. But these hybrid vehicles have the same basically energy flow paths. So from this...
The influence of the choice of controller design on the efficiency of an EV is discussed in this paper. A classical 2-driven-wheels traction with a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is studied. Energetic macroscopic representation (EMR) is used for the modeling of the system with different losses. A simplified model is used to define the control scheme. In order to find out the influence...
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