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Large offshore direct-drive wind turbines of 10-MW power levels are being extensively proposed and studied because of a reduced cost of energy. Conventional permanent magnet generators currently dominating the direct-drive wind turbine market are still under consideration for such large wind turbines. In the meantime, superconducting generators (SCSGs) have been of particular interest to become a...
Accelerated reliability testing is widely used in the microelectronic packaging to evaluate the long-term reliability of electronic devices. Although a lower intermetallic growth rates in Cu-Al joint improved its performance in thermal aging comparing with Au wirebonds, it is a great challenge to pass through accelerated humidity tests for Cu wirebonds, because Cu-Al intermetallics are easily subjected...
Continuously increasing price of gold becomes the major driving force for substituting the gold wire with copper wire in the field of wire bonding. However, since the hardness of copper is higher than that of gold, the potential risk for copper wire bonding is that Cu FAB would cause serious splash on aluminum pad and, even worse, damage of Si die. Since free air ball (FAB) formation is controlled...
The substitution of the copper wire for gold wire has become inevitable in the electronic package, mainly due to the continuously increasing gold price. Moreover, higher electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity make the copper wire capable for high power device. After the electric flame-off (EFO), the grain growth and recrystallization in the heat affected zone (HAZ) induced by the thermal...
The deformation of core board affects the quality of circuit board, like misalignment, during lamination process of MLB (Multilayer Board). Three main factors causing the deformation are discussed, which are the mismatch of CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) among different materials, the residual stress in core boards and the special properties of the prepreg. Considering properties changing...
By means of PPC model be applied to comprehensive evaluation of soil quality, RAGA is proposed to be made use of to optimize the projection direction, it can turn multi-dimension data into low dimension space, the value of projection function can be calculated by way of seeking the optimal projection direction, thereby, according to the value, comprehensive evaluation of soil quality can be calculated...
Multiphase machines have higher reliability than 3-phase machines. In order to produce smooth torque after one or more phases are open circuit, the stator magnetic motive force (MMF) is kept unchanged. This paper presents fault-tolerant current control strategies of a concentrated winding multiphase machine under open-circuited fault conditions. In a concentrated winding multiphase machine, other...
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