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Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone, Qu) is a promising cancer chemo-preventive agent for various cancers because it inhibits disease progression and promotes apoptotic cell death. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Qu could evoke ER stress to enhance drug cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer (OC). However, Qu-induced ER stress in OC is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that...
Human (HN) prevents stress-induced apoptosis in many cells/tissues. In this study we showed that HN ameliorated chemotherapy [cyclophosphamide (CP) and Doxorubicin (DOX)]-induced male germ cell apoptosis both ex vivo in seminiferous tubule cultures and in vivo in the testis. HN acts by several putative mechanisms via binding to: an IL-12 like trimeric membrane receptor; BAX; or insulin-like...
Prolactin has more than 300 separate functions including affecting mammary growth, differentiation, secretion and anti-apoptosis. In the previous studies, prolactin induced Bcl-2 expression to prevent apoptosis and also provoked the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Our previous data showed that ODC overexpression upregulates Bcl-2 and prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)- and methotrexate...
The ubiquitin Carboxyl-terminal Hydrolase-L1 gene (UCHL1) is a key enzyme in the protein degradation pathway; however, its precise role in protecting cells under stress conditions is unclear. In the present study we investigated the activity of this gene in human NT2/D1 embryonal carcinoma cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and reoxygenation. OGD/reoxygenation cause global metabolic...
Antizymes delicately regulate ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzyme activity and polyamine transportation. One member of the family, antizyme-1, plays vital roles in molecular and cellular functions, including developmental regulation, cell cycle, proliferation, cell death, differentiation and tumorigenesis. However, the question of how does it participate in the cell apoptotic mechanism is still unsolved...
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) convert peptidylarginine into citrulline via posttranslational modification. One member of the family, PADI4, plays an important role in immune cell differentiation and cell death. To elucidate the participation of PADI4 in haematopoietic cell death, we examine whether inducible overexpression of PADI4 enhances the apoptotic cell death. PADI4 reduced the viability...
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) plays an essential role in various biological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. However, how it prevents the cell apoptotic mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that decreasing the activity of ODC by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, causes the accumulation of intracellular...
Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, was developed for the treatment of malignancies, and is currently used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other chronic inflammatory disorders. It has been proven in short-term and long-term prospective studies that low doses of MTX (0.75 mg/Kg/week) are effective in controlling the inflammatory manifestations of RA. Low-concentrations of MTX achieve apoptosis...
The molecular events associated with apoptosis induced by two distinct triggers (1) serum withdrawal and (2) etoposide treatment were investigated in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Although both serum withdrawal and etoposide treatment resulted in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, the morphologic features were distinct. Serum deprived apoptotic cells appeared small, round and refractile,...
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