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IL-32 has been previously shown to promote inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and to contribute to IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 as well as other proinflammatory cytokines synthesis in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Given the high rate of atherosclerosis in RA, these observations suggest that IL-32 may be involved in the inflammatory pathways of atherosclerosis.mRNA and protein levels...
IL-1 family member IL-37 reduces innate inflammation and acquired immune responses. Our published studies demonstrated that over expression of IL-37 in either primary or transfected cell line cultures suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by Toll-like receptor ligands, IL-1b or TNFa. Inhibition of endogenous IL-37 in human monocytes increases IL-1b production. Similar to IL-1...
Although often studied for its ability to inhibit neutrophil elastase, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) has broad anti-inflammatory properties not related to its anti-protease activity. For example, monotherapy of mice with human plasma-derived AAT prevents pancreatic islet beta cell allograft rejection, the incidence of diabetes in the NOD mouse, DSS colitis, ischemia–reperfusion injury in the heart and...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can stimulate or inhibit immune cell function, and among CLA isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (t10c12)-CLA was shown to participate in the modulation of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of t10c12-CLA on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear...
Interleukin (IL)-32 was recently identified as a new cytokine which induces various proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and macrophages. Therefore, IL-32 has been primarily studied in inflammatory models such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. The regulation of endogenous IL-32 in other immune cells remains unknown. In the present study, we stimulated Jurkat T cells...
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18 act synergistically to stimulate interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production; moreover, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may also augment IFN-γ synthesis. We have investigated the relative contributions of these cytokines in the production of IFN-γ and TNF by the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis, using the specific cytokine inhibitors IL-18 binding protein...
IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a circulating antagonist of the proinflammatory Th1 cytokine IL-18. It effectively blocks IL-18 by forming a 1:1 high affinity (K d =400pM) complex, exhibiting a very low dissociation rate. We have developed a sandwich ELISA for IL-18BPa and determined its limit of detection (62pg/ml). Interference by IL-18 and related cytokines, as well as cross reactivity...
Interleukin (IL-)18 is an activator of NK cells and a co-inducer of Th 1 cytokines, sharing structural features with the IL-1 family of proteins. Unlike most other cytokines, IL-18 and IL-1β lack a signal peptide, have an all β-pleated sheet structure and are synthesized as biologically inactive precursors (pro-IL-18 and pro-IL-1β). These precursors are cleaved by caspase-1 (IL-1β-converting...
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