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TMZ is the only drug that has improved survival of GBM patients although minimally. However, a number of GBM patients did not respond to TMZ-based chemotherapy. Here, we found that miR-505 inhibited tumorigenesis as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma. In addition, TMZ could increase the levels of miR-505 and combination with pri-miR-505 and TMZ promoted the suppressive role mediated by miR-505 in...
As a family of transcription factors, DNA binding with one figure (Dof) proteins play important roles in various biological processes in plants. Here, a total of 60 putative apple (Malus domestica) Dof genes (MdDof) were identified and mapped to different chromosomes. Chromosomal distribution and synteny analysis indicated that the expansion of the MdDof genes came primarily from segmental and duplication...
Roundabout4 (Robo4) is a gene that is expressed specifically in vasculature and is involved in the angiogenesis and integrity of blood vessels. The expression level of Robo4 increases gradually along with the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, we explored the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of Robo4 in retinal endothelial cells, and investigated the effects of this regulation...
Thitarodes pui is one of the host species of the Chinese caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis as a traditional Chinese medicine with economic and medical importance. The pupal and adult stages of T. pui are sexually dimorphic. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the sexually dimorphic development of T. pui, we compared the transcriptomes of female and male pupae and adults...
FoxA transcription factors play vital roles in regulating the expression of organ-specific genes. BmSGF1, the sole FoxA family member in Bombyx mori, is required for development of the silk gland. However, the function of BmSGF1 in development of the nervous system in the silkworm remains unknown. Here, we show that the amino acids sequence of BmSGF1 is evolutionarily conserved in its middle region...
Real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become the most common technique to investigate mRNA expression levels of target genes. In order to obtain accurate results, stable reference genes need to be selected for normalization in an experimental study. Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) cultured in a hypoxic and hyperglycemic environment is a potential...
Thitarodes jiachaensis is a host species of the pathogenic caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, which is a fungus with broad medical effects and great economic value. Curated genomic information on Thitarodes is still limited, and the interaction between host Thitarodes larvae and O. sinensis during infection is incompletely understood. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing for...
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell-based gene expression studies performed under hypoxia and/or hyperglycemia show huge potential for modeling cell responses in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity and other retinal diseases. However, normalization of gene expression on RPE cells under those conditions has commonly been done using either GAPDH or β-actin as reference genes without any...
The non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase (nrPTK) Fyn, a member of the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene (Src) kinase family, plays a very significant role in cell growth, survival, apoptosis, tumor formation and immune response. In this study, a homolog of nrPTK Fyn was identified for the first time in the lamprey, Lampetra japonica and was named “Lja-Fyn”. The cDNA fragment of lamprey lja-fyn...
The development of the nervous system is based on the growth and connection of axons, and axon guidance molecules are the dominant regulators during this course. Robo, as the receptor of axon guidance molecule Slit, plays a key role as a conserved repellent cue for axon guidance during the development of the central nervous system. However, the function of Robo in the silkworm Bombyx mori is unknown...
Axon guidance is critical for proper wiring of the nervous system. During the neural development, the axon guidance molecules play a key role and direct axons to choose the correct way to reach the target. Robo, as the receptor of axon guidance molecule Slit, is evolutionarily conserved from planarians to humans. However, the function of Robo in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, remained unknown. In this...
Thitarodes pui larvae are the hosts of a medicinal fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and are naturally distributed at an altitude of 4100–4650m on Segrila Mountain of the Tibetan Plateau. Here, we conducted transcriptome profiling of T. pui larvae based on the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform. Subsequently, we explored elevation-based differences of T. pui by comparing gene expression profiles...
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a major pest of cotton around the world. With the increase of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin in transgenic cotton plants, there is a need to develop an alternative control approach that can be used in combination with Bt transgenic crops as part of resistance management strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a non-coding small RNA family (18–25nt), play...
Coevolution of a ligand and its receptor is critical for maintaining their function in different species, but how ligand and its receptor coevolve is poorly understood. The axon guidance molecule Netrin and its receptor Frazzled (Fra) are useful to study the mechanisms of ligand–receptor coevolution. Here, we have applied codon substitution models to identify positive selection of the netrin and fra...
We used 2D-PAGE to isolate a light-induced protein (AL-A) that is expressed abundantly in light-growth alfalfa sprouts. The seven amino acids of the N-terminal region of the protein were identified, and we searched for the protein in GenBank using the BLAST program. The results of the homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of the isolated protein is most similar to one from a pea plastocyanin...
Amphioxus is a promising laboratorial model animal for studying the evolutionary and developmental mechanisms that appeared during the invertebrate-chordate to vertebrate transition. However, the main drawback for the use of amphioxus as a model organism is the lack of well-developed technical approaches. Conditional gene expression, as performed with thermal control, is a very useful strategy in...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are RNA molecules consisting of 20–24 nucleotides that play important roles in regulating plant's gene expression for growth and development, cell viability and stress responses. Viral infection often has a noticeable influence on host gene expression, which may result in a range of developmental abnormalities. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying viral infection,...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved endogenous non-coding small RNAs crossing kingdoms of organisms. By searching known miRNAs identified from plant species against tomato nucleotide sequences, 13 pre-miRNAs of the nine mature miRNAs were found, amongst, six had been cloned. To confirm our prediction, a miRNA-detecting microarray was designed with probes complementary to all non-redundant...
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