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We report on a unique mode of operation of a passively mode-locked ring dye laser which yields a train of square pulses. As would be expected from Fourier theory, the corresponding laser spectrum is made up of a fundamental plus odd harmonics. A simple theory based on saturation of the gain and a weak absorber is presented to support the observations.
We report on the complete characterization of the amplitude and phase of femtosecond pulses using an integrated fast photodiode and microwave detector. The method is unique because optical nonlinearities are not employed.
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