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Battery swap station (BSS) is an important energy supply place for electric vehicles (EVs), where discharged batteries could be replaced with fully charged ones. Therefore, an optimal scheduling model of the BSS under time-of-use (TOU) electricity price is proposed in this paper, which takes the particular constrains relating the BSS into account. Meanwhile, a statistic model of daily battery swapping...
The complex design problem of parallel hybrid electric vehicle, which is multidisciplinary complex optimization problem, is formulated as a two-level (system and two subsystem optimization problems) optimization problem. In the system optimization problem, that is, the vehicle level, according to the actual demand define the weight of targets to optimize the tractive performance, fuel economy and...
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