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Integrating various technological innovation in future energy service as well as different kinds of energy sources fosters well-functioning and interactive energy markets. Energy services refer to the services in order to meet customers' energy demand. As the terminal energy use levels are usually measured by energy service efficiency and effectiveness, and thus the evolution trend of energy services...
Demand response (DR) is the outreach of demand side management (DSM) in competitive electricity markets. With price signals and incentive mechanisms, DR is crucial to both power system reliability and market efficiency. Based on DR research and experiences around the world, comprehensive research on DR in electricity markets is conducted, including its definition, classification, implementation mechanisms,...
This paper classified the evaluation system of transformer substation construction project into 4 indexes of grade A and 13 indexes of grade B. The weight of each index is decided reasonably by the Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process. The gray number and the gray evaluating weight of each index are obtained by the gray theory, the gray fuzzy weight matrix is formed, and the grey fuzzy comprehensive...
With respect to characteristics of block trading rules, integrating various implementation mechanisms of demand side bidding (DSB), block bidding mechanism is extended to demand side and theory framework of block bidding mechanism incorporating demand side participation is proposed. Based on electricity pool pattern and with block bidding rules, electricity sellers and buyers can perform electricity...
Critical peak pricing (CPP) is an important means of demand response in electricity markets. As a flexible tariff mechanism, making rational CPP implementation strategies and selecting suitable critical days are crucial to its successful implementation. Based on an analysis of tariff scheme and implementation process of CPP, customer response to CPP is described by a price elasticity matrix of demand,...
Demand side real-time pricing (RTP) is a crucial measure of demand response (DR) in electricity markets. As an ideal retail tariff mechanism, price volatility risk of RTP can be rationally allocated among market participants by integrating various RTP-related hedge contracts. Based on RTP researches and experiences around the world, combining with random electricity price model, RTP-related hedge...
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