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In shallow water the plane-wave assumption on arriving signals generally leads to biased estimates of direction of arrival (DOA) of signals due to the multi-mode propagation of sound wave, and the DOA estimation is much sensitive to the channel model mismatch and different working environments. To solve these problems, a less structured array data model based on normal mode sound field is brought...
DOA estimation is an important research area in array signal processing. Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) has been shown to perform best among all the methods. However, the MLE requires a multidimensional grid search and the computational burden increases exponentially with the dimension. So it is difficult to be used in realtime applications. In order to reduce the computation, Monte Carlo methods...
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