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The analysis of the impact of the frequency dependence of electrical parameters of soil on the lightning response of electrical systems has often been based on frequency-domain approaches. In this paper, a causal time-domain field formulation including the frequency dependence of soil parameters is proposed. The consistency of the developed formulation is proved considering a canonical electromagnetic...
By means of a general approach this work presents a synthesis of recent scientific developments regarding the frequency dependence of soil resistivity and permittivity, focusing on the impact of this effect on the lightning performance of electrical systems. Specifically, it considers the impact on the response of grounding electrodes and of transmission lines subjected to lightning currents, along...
This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of frequency-dependent soil parameters on lightning-induced voltages by means of Visacro-Alipio formulae implemented in the Hybrid Electromagnetic Model (HEM). The results indicated this effect differently affects induced voltages along the overhead line. For high resistivity soils, at line center, the frequency dependence effect of soil...
A preliminary investigation on lightning-induced voltages over lossy ground including the effect of the frequency dependence of soil parameters by means of systematic simulations using the HEM model is presented, considering realistic representations of lightning currents of first and subsequent strokes. The results show that this effect promotes the decrease of lightning-induced voltage amplitudes,...
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