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Vertical earth rods are frequently used in conjunction with earth electrode systems such as grids or horizontal electrodes with the aim of decreasing the earth impedance at an installation. Horizontal earth electrodes may also be enhanced with additional conductors. In this paper, the current distribution in such combined earth systems is investigated. Two specific earthing arrangements are the subject...
The shank region of polluted polymeric insulators is susceptible to thermal damage where high current density and high electric field magnitude occurs. The recently proposed textured design consisting of hemispherical protuberances, aims to reduce the current density and the electric field gradient and increase the longitudinal creepage length without increasing the overall length of the insulator...
In this paper, the behaviour of a horizontal electrode under impulse conditions is investigated experimentally at the Cardiff University outdoor earthing test facility. The test electrode consists of 88.5 m long copper conductor buried to a depth of 30 cm, and is divided into sections with test pits located along the electrode to enable access for voltage and current measurements along its length...
In this paper, an investigation of current distribution on tower lines under lightning and power frequency fault conditions is carried out. An equivalent circuit model of a 400 kV double-circuit transmission line was established using EMTP and two models of differing complexity were developed. The power-frequency earth fault was simulated by short circuiting one phase conductor to the earth wire while...
In this paper, a numerical model is developed to determine the earth impedance of transmission towers, which can incorporate the effect of the variations of the tower resistances along the line, the end effect of the terminating substation and the effect of the auxiliary current electrode. The model is based on the computation of the potential at the test tower and the potential at any point on the...
This paper investigates the effects of earth wire isolation on tower base voltages at a single tower of an overhead transmission line. Computation studies on a generic tower line were carried out. Various models developed to represent transmission lines including earth wires, phase conductors with different scenarios of fault locations were simulated using 'CDEGS' for direct lightning strikes to earth...
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