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This paper presents an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) based on field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) technology and a 12 bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC). It has a user interface with a PS/2 keyboard and a 16×2 character LCD display. The system is mounted on a printed circuit board which includes the DAC and analog amplification stages. This device has been developed as part of a system for...
A line of sight algorithm is an important tool in determining visibility of target points from an observer point. This method has found applications in real life problems such as urban planning, combat missions, and computer graphics simulations. Even though different line of sight algorithms have been developed for these purposes, they mostly rely only on the elevation of the terrain and are not...
Summary form only given. Evolutionary algorithms have been used to try to solve distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction problem with a certain degree of success. But some problems, specially related to a codification that is able to represent and work with a complex multiconstraint and combinatorial problem such as this one, have prevented the use of the full potential of these algorithms...
A branch and bound (B&B) algorithm using the DC model, to solve the power system transmission expansion planning by incorporating the electrical losses in network modelling problem is presented. This is a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, and in this approach, the so-called fathoming tests in the B&B algorithm were redefined and a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem is solved...
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