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The optimized operation of building energy management system (BEMS) is of great significance to its operation security, economy and efficiency. This paper proposed a multi-objective optimization model for a BEMS under time-of-use (TOU) price based demand response (DR), which integrates building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) with other generations to optimize the economy and occupants' comfort by...
Demand response is known as one of the basic components of smart grids that plays an important role in shaping load curves. In most of the prior reports on applying demand response programs, reactive power and load dependency to voltage magnitude have been ignored in distribution grids. In this paper, firstly, we show that the ignorance of the mentioned phenomena can cause a mismatch between the expected...
The aim of this paper is to avoid overloading a private customer distribution transformer (DT) in a Portuguese insular area through the means of solar PV microgeneration. Firstly, the consequence of the penetration of electric vehicles (EV) on dielectric oil deterioration of a DT in an industrial unit is estimated. The workplace has local PV generation, allowing the EVs to charge while their owners...
In this work, the self-scheduling problem of a power producer in smart grids is addressed using a stochastic programming approach. Different uncertainties are considered as price uncertainties, forced-outage of the unit as well as generation reallocation. The conditional value-at-risk index is used for modeling of risk. The markets considered in this study are bilateral contracts, day-ahead and ancillary...
Implementing an applicable demand response (DR) program enables the complete demand-side potentials and ensures a secure, more economic and greener operation of the power systems with the integration of renewable energy. Therefore, the present paper proposes a stochastic security-constraint scheduling approach for optimum operation of both supply and demand sides via well-designed pricing and incentive...
In this paper, different complexity levels are analyzed for modeling photovoltaic cells. The electrical circuit approach is the technique mostly used to describe photovoltaic cell behavior. Single and double diode models are two typical representations for this purpose. The parameters number necessary to represent photovoltaic cells in single and double diode models are studied in this paper and its...
The overall price of energy is gradually increasing as a result of a constant escalating demand and limited supply. Consequently, the idea of demand response is being entertained by researchers and policy makers as a viable solution to the challenges ahead. Thus, new methods that aim to reduce the energy consumption in the residential sector are required to face such challenges. However, in order...
The energy demand of the residential sector and the adjacent option for fossil fuels has negative consequences by both greenhouse gases (GHG), CO2 and other air pollutants emissions. The home energy demand consists mainly of energy requirements for space and water heating along with the energy dedicated for appliances. Therefore, different strategies that aim to stimulate an efficient use of energy...
The introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the electrical system is bringing various challenges. One of the recent solutions to deploy the potentials of PEVs in the system is through PEV parking lots (PL). The PLs not only provide a place for the PEVs charging requirements, but also give the possibility of exploiting the vehicle-to-gird (V2G) potential of PEVs in a more efficient manner...
This paper addresses the location of parking lots (PLs) to be used for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) by using a probabilistic traffic model and taking into account the PL participation in electricity markets. The PLs are used both for grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid. The system includes private or public charging stations only used for PEV charging. The traffic model considers the partitioning...
In this paper an innovative, hierarchical, four-level optimization framework is proposed to model the optimal participation of Electric Vehicle Aggregators (EVAs) in day-ahead and real-time energy and regulation markets in conjunction with the optimal real-time charging management of the EV fleet. The scope of the framework is to incorporate in an integrated approach all the conjugated optimization...
The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) cannot be postponed given the several techno-economic and environmental factors. However, the intermittent nature of RESs brings several challenges because such sources introduce significant operational variability and uncertainty in the system. Framed in this context a new stochastic mathematical planning model is proposed considering the placement...
This paper presents a solar power forecasting scheme, which uses spatial and temporal time series data along with a photovoltaic (PV) power conversion model. The PV conversion model uses the forecast of three different variables, namely, irradiance on the tilted plane, ambient temperature, and wind speed, in order to estimate the power produced by a PV plant at the grid connection terminals. The forecast...
Large-scale integration of renewable resources for power generation is a propitious mode to mitigate the impact of human activities in order to reach an environmentally and sustainable way of life. However, uncontrollability and variability of renewable resources is an important barrier that could be overcome by incorporating energy storage systems (ESSs). Among ESSs technologies, Vanadium Redox Battery...
This work proposes a new approach to detect the market power in power systems consisting of renewable energy sources. A model powered by game theory and agent-based systems is proposed to analyze the behaviors of each market player from the regulatory body's viewpoint. The proposed method considers both the tacit collusive behavior of Generation Companies, and the possibility of explicit collusion...
In this paper, a market-based control scheme is proposed to determine the minimum billing cost of responsive demands with the minimum impact on their satisfaction. For this purpose, the responsive demands are modeled as agents who bid to the energy market. In the model, the financial compensation provided by the market motivates the responsive demands to shift their load to off-peak periods. Since...
The share of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the overall power production is on the upward trend in many power systems. Especially in recent years, considerable amounts of RES type distributed generations (DGs) are being integrated in distribution systems, albeit several challenges mainly induced by the intermittent nature of power productions using such resources. Optimal planning and efficient...
The increasing operational complexity of power systems considering the higher renewable energy penetration and changing load characteristics, together with the recent developments in the ICT field have led to more research and implementation efforts related to the activation of the demand side. In this manner, different direct load control (DLC) and indirect load control concepts have been developed...
Modernization of electricity networks is currently being carried out using the concept of the smart grid; hence, the active participation of end-user consumers and distributed generators will be allowed in order to increase system efficiency and renewable power accommodation. In this context, this paper proposes a comprehensive methodology to optimally control lead-acid batteries operating under dynamic...
A control technique is proposed in this paper for control of modular multilevel converters (MMC) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Six independent dynamical state variables are considered in the proposed control technique, including two ac currents, three circulating currents, and the dc-link voltage, for effectively attaining the switching state functions of MMCs, as well...
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