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Amorphous silicon (a-Si) cells are able to perform better as temperature increases due to the effect of thermal annealing. a-Si cells have great potential to solve or ease the problems of high power temperature coefficient, large thermal stress caused by temperature fluctuation and gradient, and thick layer of conventional crystalline silicon cell-related photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collectors. In...
Non-condensable gases (NCGs) are inevitable in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system, and they have adverse impacts. A small-scale ORC test platform using scroll expander and R123 was constructed to investigate the NCGs effect. The expander backpressure (i.e. condenser outlet pressure) and electricity output were examined on different conditions of NCGs mass fraction (xNCG), hot side temperature (Th)...
A novel solar evacuated receiver as the key part of parabolic trough collector (PTC) was designed and constructed by authors. The novel evacuated receiver (NER) with an inner radiation shield can significantly decrease heat loss at higher operating temperatures when compared with the traditional evacuated receiver (TER). A thermodynamic model relying on the spectrum parameter model of radiation heat...
A novel combined photovoltaic–photothermic–nocturnal radiative cooling (PV–PT–RC) system was proposed to achieve multifunctional and all-weather operation. The proposed system collects electricity and heat energy at daytime through PV and PT conversions and cooling energy at nighttime through RC. A quasi-steady-state mathematical model that considers the spectral radiant distribution was established...
This study develops a dominant-subordinate-interactive stochastic programming (DSISP) model for the wind-photovoltaic-based distributed energy resource systems in Lize Financial Business District of Beijing, China. During the synergistic optimization process with 24-h prediction outputs of solar and wind power as constraints, the dominant level puts more emphasis on renewable energy utilization, while...
An indicator, namely equivalent hot side temperature (TEHST) is proposed for the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). TEHST is derived from ideal thermodynamic process, but can denote the efficiency of irreversible ORC. Study on 27 fluids shows that given the operating conditions, fluid of higher TEHST generally offers higher ORC efficiency. This relationship is stronger and more universal than those established...
As power system requires huge assets investment and consumes massive fossil fuels, evaluating and increasing utilization efficiency of electrical equipment helps to improve the economy of power system, save energy, and reduce pollutant emissions. In this paper, the concept of electrical equipment utilization efficiency within LCA (life cycle assessment), which combines both supply-side and demand-side,...
Recently some studies have been carried out on RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engines; however, they routinely used the “one factor at a time” approach, which may neglect interactions among the manipulated factors. This paper reports the use of a more effective approach based on fractional factorial design to investigate the way that injection strategy might affect performance and...
Domestic CHP (combined heat and power) generation is one new application of the ORC (organic Rankine cycle). An environment temperature fluctuation of 40 °C through the year is common in many areas, where the consumer's demand on heat follows a seasonal cycle. In no demand periods the ORC shall work under lower condensation temperature for more efficient power generation. Off-design operation will...
In the present study, effects of hydrogen induction on combustion characteristics of a compression ignition diesel engine were investigated and a comprehensive model for identifying knocking combustion was developed. This was done by defining number of critical local regions within the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) computational domain for a hydrogen assisted compression ignition engine. Regional...
The energetic and exergetic performance of an updated ORC (organic Rankine cycle) is investigated. The thermal efficiencies of the ORC at different heat source temperatures of about 100, 90, 80, and 70 °C are explored. The thermodynamic irreversibility that takes place in the evaporator, condenser, turbine, pump, and separator is revealed. The ORC feasibility for low-temperature applications is demonstrated...
Improvements were made to a low-NO x axial swirl burner (LNASB), aimed at mitigating slagging in a 600-MWe boiler burning bituminous coal. The new design is referred to as improved low-NO x axial swirl burner (ILNASB). This paper describes investigations of the influence of swirl burner structure on the gas/particle flow characteristics using a three-dimensional particle-dynamics anemometer...
The fundamentals of a newly constructed kW-scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system on the use of R123 were illustrated. A specially designed and manufactured turbine was innovatively applied to this system. Formulations were developed to examine the heat transfer and power conversion processes of the ORC. Unlike water pumping, the vapor pressure of the pumped fluid in the ORC system was much higher,...
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