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Several Smart Transformer (ST) architectures have been discussed in literature and the modular approach proved to be interesting because of its advantage of fault tolerance associated to the possibility to use low voltage/current rated devices. In this context, this paper presents an overview and classification of the modular ST architectures, in which the topologies, connections and building block...
Double circuit lines are common for transmitting the electrical power in high voltage (HV) and/or medium voltage (MV) power system. During the faults in one of the lines or transformers of the double circuit lines, one line is disconnected from the system and the healthy line is utilized for supplying the entire load. In that case, the transformer supplying the entire load could be overloaded. For...
Thermal cycling is one of the main sources of aging and failure in power electronics. A possibility to reduce the thermal stress of semiconductors is to control the losses occurring in the semiconductor devices with the target to reduce the thermal cycles. This approach is known as active thermal control. The hardest limit of the existing active thermal control approaches is that they do not offer...
The smart transformer is a solid state transformer with advanced control functionalities that can efficiently manage a low-voltage micro-grid by also supporting the medium-voltage grid. Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters proved to be a suitable option to realize the MV stage of the smart transformer due to their modularity and multi-level output. Normally the power is equally split among the CHB cells,...
The junction temperature of power semiconductors in power converters must not exceed its maximum limits and it is of major importance for several failure mechanisms. But still, the junction temperature is hard to access. Direct measurement is not practical for industrial applications, indirect measurements require substantial effort and available junction temperature models have high calculation effort...
A Smart Transformers (ST) is an automated transformer based on the latest power electronics and communication technologies. It aims not only at replacing the traditional transformer, but at providing also ancillary services to the grid, thanks to the greater flexibility offered by power electronics. However, in the case of grid overload caused by high load demand or high production from renewable...
Smart transformer (ST) is a power electronic based transformer equipped with effective control and communication. It is expected to play a significant role in future power distribution system, however, their operational features in the medium voltage (MV) power distribution systems are yet not explored. In this paper, operation and control of ST are presented for improving its performance and operational...
Reliability is one of the key issues for the application of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in power electronic converters. Many efforts have been devoted to the reduction of IGBT wear out failure induced by accumulated degradation and catastrophic failure triggered by single-event overstress. The wear out failure under field operation could be mitigated by scheduled maintenances based...
This paper deals with a small wind turbine system (WTS) constituted by a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to the grid via a back-to-back converter. The Low Voltage Ride through (LVRT) requirements for the WTS are described and the nonlinear dynamics of a grid-side converter is analyzed in the presence of voltage sags. The study shows that new chaotic phenomena are generated...
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