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With the rapidly approaching era of IoT and smart cities, it is anticipated that the market will greatly demand more autonomous and self-powered wireless sensors. Ideally, these sensors should operate for decades without service. This paper reports on the development and implementation of a novel, fully-autonomous, self-powered wireless sensor for real-time traffic surveillance in smart cities. Multi-disciplinary...
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication technology has a data rate higher than other wireless communication techniques. Although FSO has enjoyed widespread notoriety for its point-to-point communication, the increasing demand of mobile platforms and multi-user communications requires considerable improvement over current FSO systems. Developing multi-point mobile FSO systems is highly desirable. To...
The demand for increasingly challenging data rates in cellular networks has motivated the pursuit to exploit abundant bandwidth at the millimeter waves (mmWave) spectrum, which offers large bandwidths and near free-space path loss for line of sight links. However, this solution comes at the cost of limited communication range. Thus, mmWave basestations (BS) are expected to be densely deployed to maximize...
Traffic monitoring systems play a key role in the transition toward smart cities and more efficient transportation systems. Roads and highways are now equipped with sensors to measure traffic flow, predict congestion, and adaptively control traffic routes. Traffic planning applications rely on sensors to provide accurate information about vehicles and infrastructure status. Vehicle class is an important...
Float tanks are returning as a form of treatment in a number of recreational and healthcare environments. This creates the need for biosensors capable of collecting empirical data during float sessions to identify and quantify the resulting health effects. This paper presents the selection and validation of off-the-shelf biosensors to aid researchers and float tank entrepreneurs investigate the effects...
Real-time traffic surveillance is essential in today's intelligent transportation systems. This paper reports on the design of a novel, cost-effective, and intelligent real-time traffic monitoring systems using wireless smart sensor networks. Reliable and computationally efficient algorithms were developed for vehicle counting and speed estimation. The integration of system components and distinctive...
Wireless technology has become an invaluable facilitator in many aspects of daily life. Healthcare environments in particular have gained noticeable agility and flexibility by integrating wireless functionality into various medical equipment. As of late, chipsets designed to implement communication standards in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band have become inexpensive and widely available,...
The 2.4 GHz ISM band is crowded with a wide variety of wireless devices operating under various protocols. For many reasons, medical device manufacturers are increasingly incorporating wireless technologies into their devices, many of which operate in the ISM band. Monitoring and characterizing wireless spectrum utilization is vital to better plan wireless network deployments and to assess the risk...
The 2.4 GHz ISM band is crowded with a wide variety of wireless devices operating under various access protocols, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) among them. Low power requirements, low cost, and ease of integration have promoted BLE's rapidly growing popularity. BLE applications range from providing wireless interface for monitoring household equipment status to reporting critical information from medical...
The 2.4 GHz ISM band is crowded with a wide variety of wireless devices operating under various protocols. For many reasons, medical device manufacturers are increasingly incorporating wireless technologies into their devices, many of which operate in the ISM band. Monitoring and characterizing wireless spectrum utilization is vital to better plan wireless network deployments and to assess the risk...
Wireless technology has become an invaluable facilitator in many aspects of daily life. Healthcare environments in particular have gained noticeable agility and flexibility by integrating wireless functionality into various medical equipment. As of late, chipsets designed to implement communication standards in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band have become inexpensive and widely available,...
We report on the development of optical wireless arrays composed of multiple electrically interconnected optical modules (i.e., elements) forming a flat or curved terminal that is inexpensive, lightweight, and easy-to-assemble. The technology enables economic access to wide field-of-view optical communication for last-mile broadband connectivity. The smart modules provide reconfigurability, as well...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is rapidly maturing and gaining momentum as an enabling technology for Internet-of-things, and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). This paper introduces the design of a novel, cost-effective intelligent vehicle counting and classification sensor system. Distinctive algorithms for vehicles detection, counting, and signature re-identification were developed...
The rapid proliferation of newly developed wireless technologies has created an ever-increasing demand for additional radio spectrum. Because most usable bands have been already allocated, spectrum occupancy measurements are essential for wireless networks planning and deployment. Duty cycle is a measure of channel occupancy. As the amount of data traffic on the network increases, the duty cycle percentage...
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a ubiquitous technology allowing applications in healthcare, wellness and house-hold sensors to have wireless functionality. Even though a frequency hopping mechanism is employed by BLE to combat fading and interference in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, a noticeable probability of collision is expected to arise when the number of communicating...
ISM spectrum is becoming increasingly populated with various wireless technologies, rendering it a scarce resource. Consequently, wireless coexistence is increasingly vulnerable to new wireless devices attempting to access the same spectrum. This paper presents a novel method for identifying wireless technologies through the use of simple energy detection techniques. Energy detection is used to measure...
A transmitter and receiver design based on the use of fiber optic bundles have been proposed and studied both experimentally in the laboratory and theoretically through simulation, and have shown promise for providing enhanced functionality in mitigating the effects of turbulence and weather on the pointing, acquisition and tracking problem. In this paper, the operation of an FSO link constructed...
This paper presents a scheme for comprehensive experimental measurements of Wi-Fi networks spectrum occupancy in the ISM band. The work presented herein provides duty cycle measurements for single and multiple communicating Wi-Fi pairs. Duty cycle results are provided for 802.11b, g and n Wi-Fi standards at different throughput levels. Lower values were observed for 802.11b and g networks. Spectrum...
In compliance with federal requirements, many states heavily invest in establishing Traffic Monitoring Systems (TMS). A number of automatic vehicle counting and weigh-in-motion sites have been deployed to collect on-demand traffic information including, among others, vehicle volume, weight, and classification. Some TMS are also equipped with weather stations and road-surface probes. This paper presents...
A transmitter and receiver design based on the use of fiber optic bundles have been proposed and studied both experimentally in the laboratory and theoretically through simulation, and have shown promise for providing enhanced functionality in mitigating the effects of turbulence and weather on the pointing, acquisition and tracking problem. In this paper, the operation of an FSO link constructed...
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