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Epigenetic modifications are critical determinants in tumor initiation and progression. This study aims to detect the promoter methylation status and the mRNA expression levels of ATG2B, ATG4D, ATG9A and ATG9B, and then to explore their relationship in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and matched normal tissues (MNTs) of the breast. Methylation was observed as follows: 61.0% in ATG2B, 46.8% in ATG4D,...
A protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domains (PKZ), which resembles protein kinase R (PKR) in domain organization, was recently discovered to be a member of the eIF2α kinase family in fish. PKR has roles in antiviral immunity through inhibiting protein synthesis and activating NF-κB; therefore, it is thought that PKZ may have a similar role in fish antiviral immunity. In the present study, the...
Fatty acids and their derivatives play important roles in plant defense responses. It has been shown that a mutation in a gene encoding one of stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase isoforms (ssi2 mutant) enhances the resistance of Arabidopsis to multiple pathogens, and similar results were obtained in rice and soybean. However, it is unknown whether the ssi2 mutant is also resistant...
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) involved in the regulations of signal transduction, protein subcellular localization, and transcription have been mostly studied in mammals and yeast. In this study orthologues of eight human PRMT genes (PRMT1-7 and HRMT1L3) were identified in both puffer fish Fugu rubripes and zebrafish Danio rerio. The fish PRMT genes appear to be conserved with their mammalian...
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