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The paper presents a novel data integrity attack on consensus-based load shedding algorithm. In particular, we show that by sending out elaborately falsified information during the consensus iterations, attackers could manipulate the system operating point to achieve selfish goals, e.g. loads remain being served under contingencies while shedding other loads. More importantly, still maintain the system...
This paper discusses the impact of calendar ageing on the anode and the concentration of lithium ions in the anode structure. It discusses the modeling of the calendar ageing, its implementation in the 3D First Principle Based Degradation Model (3DM) of the battery and the results that were observed as a result of calendar ageing over a period of 4–6 years. The paper also relates these physical degradation...
The growing number of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in the power grid is increasing the management complexity for grid operators such as Independent System Operators (ISO). In this context, aggregators have emerged as new market participants to leverage the capacity of DERs at the system level, to reduce the control burden for the ISO. Recently, new Demand Response (DR) programs such as the Demand...
As the number of DER in the microgrid increases, the electrical interfaces and communication interactions are more sophisticated and frequent than ever, which poses a great challenge for microgrid Energy Management System (EMS). Efforts has been made to address this challenge. The solutions generally fall into two categories: centralized and distributed solution. Comparing with centralized EMS, distributed...
The advent of Energy Management (EM) and Electric Vehicles (EV) have completely changed the use of batteries. Accurately estimating the remaining power in batteries has become increasingly important. In order to estimate precise battery state of charge (SOC)/state of health (SOH) value, accurate parameter identification is essential when constructing an accurate battery model. Even though we are able...
Vehicle speed prediction plays an important role in Data-Driven Intelligent Transportation System (D2ITS) and electric vehicle energy management. Accurately predicting vehicle speed for an individual trip is a challenging topic because vehicle speed is subjected to various factors such as route types, route curvature, driver behavior, weather and traffic condition. A big data based deep learning vehicle...
In this paper, a consensus algorithm based adaptive droop control for DC microgrid is addressed. The optimum energy solution for each convention generator in the microgrid to minimize the system cost is found through a collaborate operation of a droop controller and a consensus algorithm based economic regulator. The proposed control strategy is fully distributed and cooperative such that it eliminate...
Introduction As a vital lifeline of the modern society for maintaining adequate and reliable flows of energy, power distribution systems deliver the electricity from high voltage transmission circuits to customers. Any interruption in their service may cause economical loss, damage equipments, and even endanger people lives. When a power outage (i.e., the loss of the electricity supply to an area)...
This paper proposes a high resolution anode degradation model of the lithium ion battery based on its physics of operation in 3D and in layers. This model is developed in a multiphysics software called COMSOL and in Matlab. This paper describes the procedure followed to develop the model in 3D and the features of this model. The performance of the model is validated with experimental data obtained...
Distributed energy management algorithms eliminate the control center from the conventional energy management systems and calculate the optimal schedule for all devices through iterative coordination among neighbors. Most of the existing distributed approaches are developed under the assumption that all devices are secure and willing to achieve an optimal system performance together in a “collaborative”...
Distributed DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) is vulnerable to malicious cyber attacks due to the absence of a control center. In our previous work, we demonstrated a data integrity attack can manipulate the power dispatch result of distributed DC-OPF by compromising the distributed controller on a bus and modifying the information being sent to the neighboring buses. This vulnerability, in turn, could...
Cost-effective operation of microgrids relies on optimal scheduling of energy resources and storage devices. Scheduling considering storage devices is inherently a multi-step optimization problem and its complexity grows with the increasing of the device number, and the schedule time resolution. Conventional centralized approaches raise concerns regarding privacy of the system as well as its vulnerability...
Batteries are becoming the main energy storage devices in following decades. Highly accurate battery models are needed to fulfill accurate controlling and monitoring purpose. For real-time operations, the calculation complexity of the battery model is an issue. Thevenin's circuit model is a tradeoff between fast calculation and accuracy. The model uses resistor and RC pairs to capture the dynamic...
The internet of things (IoT) is an attractive networking paradigm with machine-to-machine communication. Several distributed approaches have been proposed to solve the DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) problem in the IoT environment. The nature of distributed computation provides scalability, robustness and privacy protection, while it also poses more vulnerabilities to unexpected cyber faults and adversaries...
Obtaining an optimal charging and discharging schedule of battery energy storage devices in a microgrid is essential to the economic and reliable operation of the system. The depth of discharge (DoD) is a key variable that affects the cycle life of a battery. In this paper, an energy scheduling problem is formulated for a microgrid considering battery degradation cost under different DoD scenarios...
As a type of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), Smart Grid has been adding more communication and control capabilities to improve power efficiency and availability. Especially, more and more distributed control algorithms have been developed for Smart Grids because of their flexibility and robustness. In order to deploy them in real electric power systems, distributed control algorithms must be tested,...
With advancement of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are able to connect to the electric grid and participate in the grid regulation markets. Thus the large-scale PEV penetration into transportation systems will play an essential role for the grid support in the future. In this paper, a comprehensive daily economic benefit model for the PEV is formulated to...
A variety of distributed energy management algorithms are being developed for DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) application owing to their flexibility and scalability in the presence of high distributed Energy Resources (DERs) penetration. However, these algorithms are vulnerable to malicious cyber attacks due to the absence of control centers. In this paper, we study and analyze the economic impact of...
Economically dispatching the generation is essential to the efficient operations of a power system. As an approximation to the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem, the convex DC optimal power flow (DCOPF) problem is used in many studies. In this paper, the DCOPF with transmission line losses (DCOPFL) is formulated to better approximate the ACOPF problem. A Cooperative Distributed Optimal...
The legacy power system is gradually evolving into the smart grid. A variety of distributed control algorithms are being applied for smart grid energy management applications because of their flexibility, robustness, and local communication and computation features. These algorithms, however, increase the vulnerability of smart grid to adversaries. Thus, there is an urgent need to protect the distributed...
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