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We demonstrate a low cost solution based process for polycrystalline CdTe deposition followed by a fast laser annealing step. A chemical bath deposition (CBD) process using a Cd(OH)2 and a Te precursor solution to form polycrystalline CdTe thin films via ion-exchange reaction. This is followed by a fast laser annealing process by a 248nm excimer laser to improve the grain size of the deposited CdTe...
The CdCl2 heat treatment (HT) is one of the most critical steps in the fabrication of high efficiency CdTe solar cells. In this study a laser based CdCl2 treatment is presented. A high power near infrared (808 nm) diode laser was used for laser annealing (LA) CdTe cells. The effect of laser power density (LPD) and annealing time on the devices was studied using photoluminescence (PL), current-voltage...
Post-deposition laser processing of CdTe has potential for reducing manufacturing costs of CdTe PV modules. In this work we demonstrate the applicability of lasers to thermally processing CdTe modules by using a continuous wave Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser to drive CdCl2 treatment of CdTe. The data show that, similar to traditional annealing, laser annealing for only 15 seconds at higher than typical temperatures,...
One method for producing CuInSe2 (CISe) absorber layers is electrodeposition followed by annealing. Replacing the commonly used furnace annealing step with a laser can reduce annealing times by 2–3 orders of magnitude: from 30 minutes to 1 s. However, laser processing has, to date, not resulted in absorber layers which can form functioning final devices. One reason is due to Se loss during annealing...
In this fast growing world of communication, we proposed a non-linear array which works at frequency 2.48GHz. In this design we placed 4 corner patches at 45 degree with respect to central patch. Central patch is excited with TE01 mode which derives other corner mode to TE11 mode. We apply switching concept by cutting the arms of the corner patches. By switching different arm of antenna it work at...
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