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This paper focuses on the optimization problem of a wind farm layout. This area of research is currently receiving widespread attention, as optimal positioning of the turbines promotes the financial viability of the wind farm and enhances the competitiveness of wind projects in the energy market. In this work, cuckoo search (CS), a modern population‐based metaheuristic optimization algorithm, is used...
In this paper, we study the development options of tariff structures in electricity distribution in Finland. We compare the impacts of three different tariffs from the viewpoints of customers, distribution system operator (DSO), electricity supplier, and society. Analyzed tariffs are (1) energy oriented tariff, which is currently in use, (2) power limit tariff, and (3) power tariff. Based on the analyses,...
Electricity consumption patterns are expected to change in the future because of increasing usage of electric vehicles, heat pumps, and energy saving solutions. Moreover, residential customers are likely to invest in distributed renewable energy generation, such as photovoltaics (PV). These changes will decrease the delivered energy but increase momentary peak power in the distribution network. Since...
This paper presents a methodology to promote the operation of combined heat and power (CHP) power plant in the liberalized energy markets. The methodology considers a combination of marketplaces available to the power plant for its end products heat and electrical power, with a special reference to electricity reserve market opportunities. A result of the paper is a daily operation sequence to analyze...
In this paper, a methodology for electric vehicle charging by minimizing CO2 emissions and minimizing charging electricity costs is presented in an actual Nordic electricity market environment. The target of the paper is to illustrate the difference of smart charging and dumb charging schemes from the perspectives of CO2 emissions and electricity end-user electricity costs. The study takes advantage...
This paper presents an analysis methodology to consider the effects of customer-side battery energy storage systems (BESS) on electricity distribution networks motivated by power-based tariffs. The paper describes the methodology by which the network effects can be defined. The methodology is verified by applying actual distribution network and load data. The analysis shows that transition from traditional...
Small-scale distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation, in which PV panels are installed on residential customers' rooftops, has been envisaged as an approach to increase renewable energy participation. In this paper, we have presented a method to determine the economic benefits obtained by residential customers who can freely purchase and sell electricity from an open electricity market, when PV panels...
It has been suggested that demand response (DR) would be one of the most promising and important features of an energy system. However, the development of residential customers' DR has not been very successful so far. Among the main reasons have probably been inadequate benefits that DR provides to different market participants. Various DR practices have been proposed, but only a few of them have...
This paper considers opportunities of bioenergy-based combined heat and power (CHP) to balance fluctuation in solar and wind power. The paper studies participation of CHP production in an electrical power reserve, which provides opportunities to integrate more renewable energy production into the electrical system and also makes it possible to raise the profit of the CHP operator. Moreover, the paper...
Numerous changes will take place in the electricity distribution system and business in the near future. Especially, electricity end-use may significantly alter the electricity distribution network loads. The main technologies that will have effects on electricity end-use may be microgeneration, heat pumps, electric vehicles, demand response, and energy storages. Moreover, rising reliability demands...
Wind is one of the fastest-growing renewable sources of electricity. As with most renewables, the economic viability relies on public subsidies. Even among renewables, the economic evaluation of wind projects is particularly challenging due to the unpredictability of the energy source, wind, and the high sensitivity of the project profitability to changes in a number of parameters. This makes the...
The modern low-voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system merges ICT, power electronics and conventional grid technologies into single system. This paper gives an overview to the LVDC RULES research project and presents its first key results. The foundations of the project are laid by the lessons learned during earlier research projects. Impacts of providing ancillary services for the network...
This paper considers how power-based distribution tariffs encourage electricity end-users to invest in energy storages to reduce their peak loads. The study uses actual automatic meter reading (AMR) data from 30 000 customers the annual electricity consumption of which is less than 50 MWh. The customers locate in the area of a Finnish distribution system operator (DSO) operating in an urban environment...
In this paper, we will study the role of DSO tariffs in promoting the energy efficiency of the energy infrastructure. The key problem with the present energy based tariff structure is that it is not cost-reflective and do not provide incentives for customers to optimize their consumption so that efficiency of the electricity distribution would be improved. Our conclusion is that power based pricing...
The objective of the paper is to develop an algorithm to estimate the profitability of energy storage operation in the balancing power market. The main reasons for this study are the fast growth of the PV battery market in the residential sector in the coming years and, at the same time, challenges related to the integration of huge amounts of renewables into the grid. The paper focuses on a single...
This paper reports the results of the Finnish national project “Roadmap 2025” which had two main objectives. The first one was to clarify the long term vision (up to 2035) of the power system and electricity market, and the second one was to create a roadmap, a development path towards the vision. The project was partially an update of the project “Vision of the Power System 2030”, reported at CIRED...
In this paper, two types of isolated converter topologies for the implementation of the galvanic isolation of a low-voltage DC network is discussed. Advantages and problems of the topologies are compared and a selection for the suitable topology for two conversion ratios, 1:1 and 2:1 is carried out. The selection is carried out by comparing the life-cycle costs of the converters if used in the low...
This paper analyses the life-cycle cost of a customer-end inverter that is used in a low voltage DC distribution system. Cost of the losses during the utilization period of the system and the investment cost of the main components is included in the study and the distribution between them is analyzed to determine the dominating cost factors. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine how variations...
This paper introduces and describes a control and condition monitoring system of a low-voltage DC (LVDC) public electricity distribution network. To enable practical studies concerning the LVDC distribution system, a research site was built by Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and a Finnish distribution system operator Suur-Savon Sähkö Oy. To enable secure operation of the research site,...
In this paper, we have evaluated the incentives and obstacles of the demand side management (DSM) from the viewpoint of the electricity retailers. Research results are based on the questionnaires, workshops, and simulations. Based on our studies, it seems that there exist remarkable amount of controllable loads, and also market places for flexible resources have already been established in Finland...
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