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Electric-drive vehicles, including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles, require a high-voltage (HV) battery pack for propulsion and a low-voltage (LV) dc bus for auxiliary loads. This paper presents an architecture that uses modular dc–dc bypass converters to perform active battery cell balancing and to supply current to auxiliary loads, eliminating the need for a separate HV-to-LV high...
Energy storage systems require battery cell balancing circuits to avoid divergence of cell state of charge (SOC). A modular approach based on distributed continuous cell-level control is presented that extends the balancing function to higher level pack performance objectives such as improving power capability and increasing pack lifetime. This is achieved by adding DC-DC converters in parallel with...
The contribution of the rise and fall times of switches to the losses of Switched Capacitors Converters was evaluated by an approximate analysis applying the equivalent resistance concept. It was found that switch turn-on and turn-off durations increase the equivalent resistance of the converter and, consequently, the losses, except in the case of complete charge/discharge of the flying capacitors...
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