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In the ensemble learning methods for training individual learners in a committee machine, two learning items should be optimized, including minimization of both the squared difference between the target and the learner's output and the estimated correlation between the learner and the rest of learners in the ensemble. The first term is to force each learner to learn the given data. The second term...
Negative correlation learning is an ensemble learning approach that is able to create negatively correlated learners simultaneously and cooperatively in a committee machine. One problem in negative correlation learning is that the learning error functions are defined in the same way for all individual learners. Learners have little choice in making their own decisions on how to learn a given data...
Negative correlation learning has been proposed to create a set of negatively correlated artificial neural networks (ANNs) in a committee machine. In negative correlation learning, the error signals for each ANN on a given data are not only decided by the error differences between the output of ANN and the targets. Two terms are optimized at the same time. The first one is to minimize the error between...
Two different implementations of negative correlation learning with λ > 1 are discussed in this paper. In the first implementation, every learner is forced to learn to be different to the ensemble on every data point no matter what have been learned by the ensemble and itself. In the second implementation, every learner is selectively to learn to be different to the ensemble on every data point...
Self-awareness is a kind of ability of recognizing oneself as an individual being different from the environment and other individuals. This paper proposes negative correlation learning with self-awareness in order for each artificial neural network (ANN) in a committee machine to be self-aware in learning so that it could decide by itself to learn more or less. On one hand, when the learning would...
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