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The increasing electrode density in multielectrode arrays and the use of new materials for electrode fabrication are motivating the migration from passive to active neuroprobes. Numerous circuit design challenges for the implementation of optimal integrated neural recording systems are still present and need to be addressed. In this paper we present the systematic design of a programmable low-noise...
In neurophysiological and pharmaceutical research, parallel and individual access to a dense population of in-vitro cultured neurons is a key feature for analyzing networks of neurons. This paper presents a 0.18μm CMOS chip containing a dense array of micro-nail electrodes, a 128 × 128 sensor/actuator matrix with in-situ differential amplification circuits, pico-Ampere current stimulation, and impedance...
Closed loop systems, in which stimulation parameters are adjusted according to recorded signals would reduce the occurrence of side effects of stimulation and broaden current therapeutic options. As a step towards a closed-loop clinical system, we developed a single electrode stimulation / recording system for an in vitro microelectrode array. The system was used in vitro to simultaneously stimulate...
In drug screening and pharmaceutical research, high-throughput systems that are able to perform single-cell measurements are highly desired. Micro-electrode arrays try to answer this need but still suffer from significant drawbacks such as a small amount of electrodes and the inability to address single cells. Here, we present a novel multi-transistor array chip with 16,384 subcellular-sized electrodes...
We used reciprocal derivative chronopotentiometry (RDC) with platinum electrodes of 50 μm diameter in 0.15 M phosphate buffered saline solution to identify the various electrochemical processes occurring at the electrode during biphasic current pulsing. RDC allowed to determine the limits of water hydrolysis based on the specific (dt/dE)-E data representation employed in this technique resulting in...
The electrochemical behavior of neural implants with 50 mum-diameter platinum electrodes was tested during acute implantations in the motor cortex of anesthetized rats. Custom Ag|AgCl reference electrodes were prepared that could be co-implanted with the probes. The results obtained in vivo are compared with in vitro measurements performed in buffered saline solution (PBS) with and without the addition...
Electrical deep brain stimulation is a valuable last resort for the treatment of severe brain disorders when pharmaceutical drugs have proven to be ineffective for a particular patient. A major challenge of DBS is to achieve a high selectivity to allow efficient local stimulation of desired brain regions while minimizing side effects in neighboring regions., For discrimination at a single neuron level,...
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