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The DC voltage across a Josephson junction is exactly determined by the number of single flux quanta Φ0 passing the junction per second. By locking this flux train to an external sinusoidal microwave with the frequency f or a pulse train with the pulse rate f in such a way that one flux quantum is transferred per microwave period or per pulse respectively, the junction DC voltage becomes V=Φ0f in...
Programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVSs) in combination with fast switchable DC current sources have opened up new applications in the field of low-frequency AC metrology. The growing interest in output voltages of up to plusmn10 V initiated efforts by several National Metrological Institutes to realize 10 V PJVSs. Presently, only 10 V PJVSs from PTB based on SINIS junctions have been successfully...
A new calibration method for AC voltage waveforms has successfully been tested by measuring the differences between the unknown AC waveform and a synchronously synthesized waveform supplied by a programmable Josephson array.
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