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This paper describes low-temperature sterilization of Enterobacter aerogenes in carboxymethyl cellulose solution using intense pulsed electric fields (iPEF) combined with moderate thermal energy. The bacterial suspension was exposed to moderate temperatures of up to 55°C for 2 minutes after tens of 530 ns-long, 50 kV/cm pulses in a single-pass continuous flow system. Suspension temperatures at the...
This paper describes liquid sterilization using intense pulse electric fields (iPEF) combined with mild thermal treatment. A 600 ns-long mono-polar rectangular high voltage pulse was repetitively applied to a 4 mm-gap, parallel plain electrode set in an iPEF application cell. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution including Enterobactor aerogenes (E. aerogenes) was exposed to moderate heat (< 55°C)...
This paper reports the effects of an interaction between tin droplets and a subsequent trigger laser on the Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) emission after Laser-Triggered Discharge (LTD). Two Nd: YAG lasers were focused on the high-voltage tin cathode surface to trigger the discharges with various delay time. The experiments are based on the observations of the visible light emissions and emitted EUV spectrum...
Inducing apoptosis in malignant cells and controlling ES cell differentiation using sub-nanosecond high voltage pulses have been investigated. It is important to develop a high-power, high frequency electromagnetic wave focusing system for apoptosis induction in cancer. Nonlinear lumped element transmission lines (NLETL) to generate RF pulses have in recent years gained much attention. Our intention...
A shock wave generated by negative pulsed discharge in pressurized carbon dioxide including supercritical (SC) phase was observed by means of Schlieren method. A negative pulsed voltage with a rise time of 90 ns and half-width of 410 ns was applied to a point electrode. The resulting shock wave, seemingly a multi-layered structure, was able to be confirmed despite the single pulsed voltage. Shock...
Phenomena caused by negative pulsed breakdown in supercritical carbon dioxide with a 100 μm needle gap distance were observed by means of Shadowgraph method. The tip curvature of the needle corresponded to r = 8 and 490 μm. The appearance of streamer at pre-breakdown varied greatly by changing the needle tip curvature, although the breakdown voltage, approximately 60 kV, remained somewhat constant...
Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) can be delivered to electronic equipment in two ways: Through the application of radiated fields, and through conduction along cables and wires. In this study, a high-voltage pulse generator using a spiral Blumlein Pulse Forming Line (PFL) was developed to test EMP effects by radiation and conduction. For the conduction test, a spiral strip Blumlein PFL with transformer...
Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source remains a key issue for industrial application of EUV lithography. Currently, laser-triggered discharge (LTD) tin plasma is the most promising discharge produced plasma EUV source scheme. High frequency discharge of up to tens of kHz is required to achieve sufficient average radiation power. However, the choice of discharge frequency is restricted by the recovery time...
This study presents an SPPT (solid propellant pulsed plasma thruster) driven by an MPC (magnetic pulse compression) pulse generator with the aim of achieving efficient utilization of propellant. The stepwise current waveform formed by saturable inductor and ultra-short discharge current holds promise to control propellant supply for efficient acceleration. A prototype of co-axial electrode type MPC-SPPT...
Shock waves in gases and liquids have been widely studied for several years. However, shock waves in supercritical (SC) fluids have not been adequately studied due to their special characteristics referring to both gas and liquid under high temperature and pressure. We have been considering pulsed power system as an effective way for generation of shock waves in SC phase and high-density mediums....
This work reports the spray behavior when applying step voltage of the various rising time. The various rising time is achieved by insert resistance and capacitance in the experimental circuit and the experiment carried out in three kinds of rising time 12 ns, 1.1 us and 130 us. High time resolved observation system using high speed camera is synchronized with MOSFET switching module through signal...
The authors studied the initiation mechanism of negative pulsed discharge in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) in a point-to-plane gap1. The generation mechanism of the initial electron under supercritical and liquid phases suggested field emission and the primary streamer grew in the form of bush from the cathode point. Although a negative pulsed voltage with a peak voltage of 50 kV and half width...
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) can be delivered to electronic equipment in two ways. One is through the application of radiated fields, and the other is through conduction along cables and wires. In this study, a high-voltage pulse generator using a spiral Blumlein Pulse Forming Line (PFL) was developed for the test of EMP effect by radiation and conduction. For the conduction test, a spiral strip Blumlein...
Bioelectrics, a branch of scientific research dealing with effects of pulsed power on biological objects, has been advancing during recent years1. Authors had an interest in results of applying sub-nanosecond pulsed electric fields to cancer cells. Application of sub-nanosecond pulsed electric field induces apoptosis to the cancer cell2. So far sub-nanosecond pulsed electric fields have been applied...
Technology for the recycling of precious metals is growing increasingly important due to their scarcity and high industrial utility value. In recent years, a precious metal extraction technology using the mixed solvent of supercritical carbon dioxide and a chelating agent has been researched 1. The experiment is shown in the following steps: 1) The chelating agent dissolves in supercritical carbon...
In this study, a SPPT (Solid Propellant Pulsed Plasma Thruster) driven by a MPC (Magnetic Pulse Compression) pulse generator is presented. Electromagnetic SPPT is well-known and is one of the most simple structures for electric propulsion: it is very lightweight and reliable and its thrust force can be easily controlled by the pulse discharge characteristics. In this type of system propellants are...
Pulsed streamers in highly pressurized carbon dioxide up to and including the supercritical state were observed by means of Schlieren method. The fluid temperature was set to T = 305 K; pressures, to P = 7.5 and 8.0 MPa. The gap was needle-to-plane; the gap lengths in positive and negative were d = 7 and 1 mm, respectively. Pulse voltages of positive/negative polarity generated by a magnetic pulse...
This paper deals with visualization of positive pulsed streamers and arc discharge under a needle-to-plane gap in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) by the Schlieren Method. In addition, differences in streamer branches in gas, liquid and supercritical phases of CO2 are evaluated by means of fractal dimension. The experimental results are summarized as follows: 1) a tree-like streamer growing from...
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