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This paper proposes a novel symbol-to-bit demapping algorithm for Gray-labeled phase shift keying (PSK) constellations. Unlike the Max-Log-MAP demapper, the proposed algorithm does not perform exhaustive search operations, but directly computes the soft information by exploiting the binary search and the symmetry of the Gray-labeled PSK constellations. Hence its complexity is remarkably reduced from...
We performed a robustness test of a potential-profile-tunable electron pump for various parameters. Tuning the entrance and exit gates, we measured a flat current plateau within the 2 μΑ/Α uncertainty for a ∼40 mV gate-voltage range at B ∼ −14 T. For changes of B-field, the 2-μΑ/Α plateau was obtained for −14 T < B < −12.7 T. The 2 μΑ/Α plateau was also observed in the overlapped exit-gate voltage...
The aims of this study were to determine the various dimensions of the normal facial canal and to identify the spatial relationships between the facial canal and its adjacent structures using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The petrous parts of 54 temporal bones were scanned using micro‐CT with a slice thickness of 35 μm. The serial micro‐CT images...
We performed a precision measurement of a single parameterized electron pump, where the potential profile for a quantum dot was manipulated by multiple top metal gates. With an optimized gate configuration, and driving the pump with a sinusoidal waveform at f = 0.95 GHz at B = 11 T and T = 0.5 K, the deviation of the pumped current from ef, ΔIP = (IP−ef)/ef = (−0.16 ± 1.66) ppm. Our finding is very...
We have investigated a metal-gated QD charge pump device whose potential profile can be controlled. The proposed pump is uniquely designed with several metallic gates on a GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron gas system. We find that the length of 1st current plateau depends on potential profile of the QD. Under optimal conditions, a quantized current plateau with estimated accuracy of ppm level for...
We report single electron pumping through a metal gate defined quantum dot (QD) fabricated on a GaAs/AlGaAs 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. The quantum dot used for pumping is uniquely designed to have larger subband energy spacings than those of a conventional quantum dot. Several quantized current steps were observed at liquid helium temperature when the pump was operated at 100 MHz of...
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